महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-109

नलोपाख्यानमत्रैव धर्मिष्ठं करुणोदयम् ।
दमयन्त्याः स्थितिर्यत्र नलस्य व्यसनागमे ॥१०९॥

109. nalopākhyānamatraiva dharmiṣṭhaṁ karuṇodayam ,
damayantyāḥ sthitiryatra nalasya vyasanāgame.

109. nalopākhyānam atra eva dharmiṣṭham karuṇodayam
damayantyāḥ sthitiḥ yatra nalasya vyasanāgame

109. Right here is the story of Nala, which is most righteous and evokes compassion. It describes the state of Damayantī at the onset of Nala's misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• नलोपाख्यानम् (nalopākhyānam) - the narrative about Nala (the story of Nala)

• अत्र (atra) - herein, right here (in this context of the text) (here, in this matter, in this place)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphatically (with `atra`, meaning 'right here') (only, just, indeed, certainly, even)

• धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous (most righteous, most virtuous, most pious)

• करुणोदयम् (karuṇodayam) - evoking compassion (causing the rise of compassion, evoking pity)

• दमयन्त्याः (damayantyāḥ) - of Damayantī

• स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - the state, condition (state, situation, condition, steadfastness)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which context (where, in which, in which case)

• नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

• व्यसनागमे (vyasanāgame) - at the onset of misfortune (at the arrival of misfortune/calamity)

Words meanings and morphology

नलोपाख्यानम् (nalopākhyānam) - the narrative about Nala (the story of Nala)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nalopākhyāna

nalopākhyāna - the episode or narrative concerning Nala

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nala+upākhyāna)

• nala – Nala (name of a king)
  noun (masculine)
• upākhyāna – sub-story, episode, narrative
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  from upa-ā-khyā + -ana
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a subject.

अत्र (atra) - herein, right here (in this context of the text) (here, in this matter, in this place)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, emphatically (with `atra`, meaning 'right here') (only, just, indeed, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

धर्मिष्ठम् (dharmiṣṭham) - most righteous (most righteous, most virtuous, most pious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmiṣṭha

dharmiṣṭha - most devoted to dharma, most righteous, most virtuous

superlative degree of dharmin (one who possesses dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `nalopākhyānam`.

करुणोदयम् (karuṇodayam) - evoking compassion (causing the rise of compassion, evoking pity)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karuṇodaya

karuṇodaya - the rise or arousal of compassion, causing compassion to arise

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karuṇā+udaya)

• karuṇā – compassion, pity, mercy
  noun (feminine)
• udaya – rise, coming forth, appearance, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from ud-i + -a
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `nalopākhyānam`.

दमयन्त्याः (damayantyāḥ) - of Damayantī

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - name of a princess, wife of Nala

present participle of causative of dam 'to tame'

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Possessive, referring to Damayantī.

स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - the state, condition (state, situation, condition, steadfastness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti

sthiti - standing, staying, state, situation, position, steadfastness

action noun

from root sthā + suffix -ti

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which context (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

Note: Possessive, refers to Nala.

व्यसनागमे (vyasanāgame) - at the onset of misfortune (at the arrival of misfortune/calamity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyasanāgama

vyasanāgama - arrival of calamity/misfortune

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyasana+āgama)

• vyasana – calamity, misfortune, distress
  noun (neuter)
  from vi-as
  Root: as (class 4)
• āgama – coming, arrival, advent, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from ā-gam + -a
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Locative of time.