महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-2, verse-223

यत्रार्जुनो द्वारवतीमेत्य वृष्णिविनाकृताम् ।
दृष्ट्वा विषादमगमत्परां चार्तिं नरर्षभः ॥२२३॥

223. yatrārjuno dvāravatīmetya vṛṣṇivinākṛtām ,
dṛṣṭvā viṣādamagamatparāṁ cārtiṁ nararṣabhaḥ.

223. yatra arjunaḥ dvāravatīm etya vṛṣṇivinākṛtām
dṛṣṭvā viṣādam agamat parām ca ārtiṃ nararṣabhaḥ

223. When Arjuna, the foremost among men, arrived at Dvaravati and saw it devoid of the Vrishnis, he became deeply dejected and experienced extreme distress.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - when (where, when, in which place)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• द्वारवतीम् (dvāravatīm) - to the city of Dvaravati (to Dvaravati (city))

• एत्य (etya) - having arrived (having come, having arrived)

• वृष्णिविनाकृताम् (vṛṣṇivinākṛtām) - devoid of the Vrishnis (made devoid of Vrishnis, abandoned by Vrishnis)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection (dejection, despondency, sorrow)

• अगमत् (agamat) - he fell into (dejection) / he experienced (distress) (he went, he reached, he attained)

• पराम् (parām) - extreme (supreme, highest, extreme)

• च (ca) - and

• आर्तिं (ārtiṁ) - distress (distress, pain, suffering)

• नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - the best of men (referring to Arjuna) (bull among men, best of men, foremost of men)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - when (where, when, in which place)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince); white, silver-colored

Root: ṛj

द्वारवतीम् (dvāravatīm) - to the city of Dvaravati (to Dvaravati (city))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvāravatī

dvāravatī - Dvaravati (name of Krishna's capital city)

एत्य (etya) - having arrived (having come, having arrived)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ā' and '-tya' suffix (replacing '-tvā' after prefixes). The 'e' in 'etya' comes from 'ā-i' sandhi.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

वृष्णिविनाकृताम् (vṛṣṇivinākṛtām) - devoid of the Vrishnis (made devoid of Vrishnis, abandoned by Vrishnis)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛṣṇivinākṛta

vṛṣṇivinākṛta - deprived of the Vrishnis

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+vinākṛta)

• vṛṣṇi – name of a Yadava clan; a member of the Vrishni clan
  noun (masculine)
• vinākṛta – deprived of, abandoned by, separated from
  adjective
  past participle
  Compound of indeclinable 'vinā' (without) and 'kṛta' (done, made from root kṛ)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `dvāravatīm`

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with '-tvā' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection (dejection, despondency, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - despondency, dejection, sorrow

action noun

From vi-sad (to sink down)

Root: sad (class 1)

अगमत् (agamat) - he fell into (dejection) / he experienced (distress) (he went, he reached, he attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

aorist (luṅ)

3rd person singular aorist, root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

पराम् (parām) - extreme (supreme, highest, extreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आर्तिं (ārtiṁ) - distress (distress, pain, suffering)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - suffering, pain, distress

action noun

From root ṛ (to go, to move), often with prefix ā, signifying 'distress'.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - the best of men (referring to Arjuna) (bull among men, best of men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - best of men, foremost of men (literally 'bull of men')

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)