मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-53
चरितव्यमतो नित्यं प्रायश्चित्तं विशुद्धये ।
निन्द्यैर्हि लक्षणैर्युक्ता जायन्तेऽनिष्कृतेनसः ॥५३॥
निन्द्यैर्हि लक्षणैर्युक्ता जायन्तेऽनिष्कृतेनसः ॥५३॥
53. caritavyamato nityaṁ prāyaścittaṁ viśuddhaye ,
nindyairhi lakṣaṇairyuktā jāyante'niṣkṛtenasaḥ.
nindyairhi lakṣaṇairyuktā jāyante'niṣkṛtenasaḥ.
53.
caritavyam ataḥ nityam prāyaścittam viśuddhaye
nindyaiḥ hi lakṣaṇaiḥ yuktāḥ jāyante aniṣkṛtenasaḥ
nindyaiḥ hi lakṣaṇaiḥ yuktāḥ jāyante aniṣkṛtenasaḥ
53.
ataḥ viśuddhaye nityam prāyaścittam caritavyam hi
nindyaiḥ lakṣaṇaiḥ yuktāḥ aniṣkṛtenasaḥ jāyante
nindyaiḥ lakṣaṇaiḥ yuktāḥ aniṣkṛtenasaḥ jāyante
53.
Therefore, expiation (prāyaścitta) should always be performed for purification. Indeed, those whose sins are not atoned for are born endowed with blameworthy characteristics.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चरितव्यम् (caritavyam) - should be practiced, ought to be done, to be performed
- अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, for this reason
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually
- प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement
- विशुद्धये (viśuddhaye) - for purification, for cleansing, for clarity
- निन्द्यैः (nindyaiḥ) - by detestable, by blameworthy, by contemptible (ones)
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
- लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks, by characteristics, by signs, by symptoms
- युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, joined with, connected
- जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they arise, they come into being
- अनिष्कृतेनसः (aniṣkṛtenasaḥ) - those whose sin is not atoned for, unexpiated sinners
Words meanings and morphology
चरितव्यम् (caritavyam) - should be practiced, ought to be done, to be performed
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of caritavya
caritavya - to be practiced, to be performed, to be behaved
gerundive / passive future participle
From root `car` (to move, to practice) with `tavya` suffix.
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Expresses obligation or suitability.
अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, for this reason
(indeclinable)
From pronoun `idam` (this) + `tas` suffix.
नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an adverb modifying `caritavyam`.
प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta
prāyaścitta - expiation, penance, atonement
From `prāyaś` (crime, sin) + `citta` (thought, intention) or `cit` (to observe).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāyaś+citta)
- prāyaś – crime, sin, offence
noun (neuter) - citta – mind, thought, intention, heart
noun (neuter)
From root cit (to perceive, think).
Root: cit (class 1)
Note: Subject of the impersonal verbal construction.
विशुद्धये (viśuddhaye) - for purification, for cleansing, for clarity
(noun)
Dative, feminine, singular of viśuddhi
viśuddhi - purification, cleansing, purity
From prefix `vi` + root `śudh` (to purify).
Prefix: vi
Root: śudh (class 4)
Note: Expresses purpose.
निन्द्यैः (nindyaiḥ) - by detestable, by blameworthy, by contemptible (ones)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of nindya
nindya - detestable, blameworthy, contemptible
gerundive / passive future participle
From root `nind` (to blame) with suffix `ya`.
Root: nind (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `lakṣaṇaiḥ`.
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
(indeclinable)
Particle.
लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by marks, by characteristics, by signs, by symptoms
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa
lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, symptom
From root `lakṣ` (to mark).
Root: lakṣ (class 1)
युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, joined with, connected
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta
yukta - joined, united, connected, endowed with, proper
past passive participle
From root `yuj` (to join) + suffix `kta`.
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Qualifies `aniṣkṛtenasaḥ`.
जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they arise, they come into being
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
present middle indicative
The root `jan` (Div. 4) in the passive/middle sense.
Root: jan (class 4)
अनिष्कृतेनसः (aniṣkṛtenasaḥ) - those whose sin is not atoned for, unexpiated sinners
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of aniṣkṛtenas
aniṣkṛtenas - one whose sin is not atoned for, unexpiated sinner
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+niṣkṛta+enas)
- an – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - niṣkṛta – expiated, atoned for, done, accomplished
adjective (neuter)
past passive participle
From prefix `niṣ` + root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `kta`.
Prefix: niṣ
Root: kṛ (class 8) - enas – sin, fault, offence
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to individuals who have not performed penance for their sins.