मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-129
एतदेव चरेदब्दं प्रायश्चित्तं द्विजोत्तमः ।
प्रमाप्य वैश्यं वृत्तस्थं दद्याच्चैकशतं गवाम ॥१२९॥
प्रमाप्य वैश्यं वृत्तस्थं दद्याच्चैकशतं गवाम ॥१२९॥
129. etadeva caredabdaṁ prāyaścittaṁ dvijottamaḥ ,
pramāpya vaiśyaṁ vṛttasthaṁ dadyāccaikaśataṁ gavām.
pramāpya vaiśyaṁ vṛttasthaṁ dadyāccaikaśataṁ gavām.
129.
etad eva caret abdam prāyaścittam dvijottamaḥ
pramāpya vaiśyam vṛttastham dadyāt ca ekaśatam gavām
pramāpya vaiśyam vṛttastham dadyāt ca ekaśatam gavām
129.
dvijottamaḥ vṛttastham vaiśyam pramāpya etad eva
prāyaścittam abdam caret ca ekaśatam gavām dadyāt
prāyaścittam abdam caret ca ekaśatam gavām dadyāt
129.
A superior Brahmin, having caused a virtuous Vaiśya to die, should observe this very penance for one year and should give one hundred cows.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतद् (etad) - this, this very
- एव (eva) - indeed, very, only
- चरेत् (caret) - should observe, should perform, should wander
- अब्दम् (abdam) - for a year
- प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement
- द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of the twice-born, a superior Brahmin
- प्रमाप्य (pramāpya) - having killed, having caused to die
- वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a Vaiśya (member of the third social class)
- वृत्तस्थम् (vṛttastham) - well-behaved, virtuous, engaged in one's proper conduct
- दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give
- च (ca) - and, also
- एकशतम् (ekaśatam) - one hundred
- गवाम् (gavām) - of cows
Words meanings and morphology
एतद् (etad) - this, this very
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this very, that
एव (eva) - indeed, very, only
(indeclinable)
चरेत् (caret) - should observe, should perform, should wander
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car
optative mood
3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada, optative mood, from root car
Root: car (class 1)
अब्दम् (abdam) - for a year
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of abda
abda - year, cloud
Note: denotes duration
प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation, penance, atonement
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta
prāyaścitta - expiation, penance, atonement for sin
द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the best of the twice-born, a superior Brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama
dvijottama - best of the twice-born, a chief Brahmin
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth
noun (masculine)
from jan (to be born) with prefix dvi (twice)
Prefix: dvi
Root: jan (class 4) - uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
adjective (masculine)
superlative of ud (up)
Prefix: ut
प्रमाप्य (pramāpya) - having killed, having caused to die
(indeclinable)
absolutive
absolutive (gerund) form from the causative of the root mā (to die) with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: mā (class 2)
वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a Vaiśya (member of the third social class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man of the third social class (Vaiśya), relating to a Vaiśya
वृत्तस्थम् (vṛttastham) - well-behaved, virtuous, engaged in one's proper conduct
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛttastha
vṛttastha - standing in one's proper sphere, well-behaved, virtuous, observant of duty
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtta+stha)
- vṛtta – conduct, behaviour, course, happened
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from vṛt (to be, to exist, to behave)
Root: vṛt (class 1) - stha – standing, staying, situated, being in
adjective (masculine)
suffix -stha from sthā
derived from root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: qualifies vaiśyam
दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give, may give
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā
optative mood
3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada, optative mood, from root dā
Root: dā (class 3)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एकशतम् (ekaśatam) - one hundred
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ekaśata
ekaśata - one hundred
Compound type : dvigu (eka+śata)
- eka – one, a single
numeral adjective - śata – a hundred
numeral noun (neuter)
गवाम् (gavām) - of cows
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of go
go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light
Note: partitive genitive with ekaśatam