मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-213
एकैकं ग्रासमश्नीयात त्र्यहाणि त्रीणि पूर्ववत ।
त्र्यहं चोपवसेदन्त्यमतिकृच्छ्रं चरन द्विजः ॥२१३॥
त्र्यहं चोपवसेदन्त्यमतिकृच्छ्रं चरन द्विजः ॥२१३॥
213. ekaikaṁ grāsamaśnīyāt tryahāṇi trīṇi pūrvavat ,
tryahaṁ copavasedantyamatikṛcchraṁ caran dvijaḥ.
tryahaṁ copavasedantyamatikṛcchraṁ caran dvijaḥ.
213.
eka ekam grāsam aśnīyāt tryahāṇi trīṇi pūrvavat
tryaham ca upavaset antyam atikṛcchram caran dvijaḥ
tryaham ca upavaset antyam atikṛcchram caran dvijaḥ
213.
dvijaḥ atikṛcchram caran trīṇi tryahāṇi pūrvavat
eka ekam grāsam aśnīyāt ca antyam tryaham upavaset
eka ekam grāsam aśnīyāt ca antyam tryaham upavaset
213.
A twice-born (dvija) observing the Atikṛcchra penance should eat a single mouthful for three periods of three days, following the previous pattern; and for the subsequent last three days, he should fast.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एक (eka) - one, single
- एकम् (ekam) - one, single
- ग्रासम् (grāsam) - a single, small portion of food (a mouthful, a morsel)
- अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
- त्र्यहाणि (tryahāṇi) - for three days, periods of three days
- त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three
- पूर्ववत् (pūrvavat) - following the established pattern for such penances, specifically referring to the structure of the Prajapatya penance in the previous verse. (as before, as previously (prescribed))
- त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
- च (ca) - and
- उपवसेत् (upavaset) - one should abstain from food completely (one should fast)
- अन्त्यम् (antyam) - the final period of three days in the penance (the last, final)
- अतिकृच्छ्रम् (atikṛcchram) - a particularly severe penance involving highly restricted eating and fasting (Atikṛcchra penance (an extreme penance))
- चरन् (caran) - undertaking or observing the penance (performing, observing, practicing)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a twice-born)
Words meanings and morphology
एक (eka) - one, single
(numeral)
Note: Repetition in 'ekaikaṃ' indicates 'each one'.
एकम् (ekam) - one, single
(numeral)
Note: In 'ekaikaṃ' (each one).
ग्रासम् (grāsam) - a single, small portion of food (a mouthful, a morsel)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of grāsa
grāsa - a mouthful, a morsel, food
Derived from √gras (to eat)
Root: gras (class 1)
Note: Object of 'aśnīyāt'.
अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of aś
Root: aś (class 9)
त्र्यहाणि (tryahāṇi) - for three days, periods of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Denotes duration.
त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three
(numeral)
Note: Qualifies 'tryahāṇi'.
पूर्ववत् (pūrvavat) - following the established pattern for such penances, specifically referring to the structure of the Prajapatya penance in the previous verse. (as before, as previously (prescribed))
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'pūrva' with suffix '-vat'
Note: Refers to the established pattern of penances (e.g., three periods of three days).
त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial accusative indicating duration.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
उपवसेत् (upavaset) - one should abstain from food completely (one should fast)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of upavas
Prefix: upa
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: From √vas (to dwell) + 'upa', here means to fast.
अन्त्यम् (antyam) - the final period of three days in the penance (the last, final)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of antya
antya - last, final, ultimate
Derived from 'anta' (end)
Note: Qualifies 'tryaham' (implied).
अतिकृच्छ्रम् (atikṛcchram) - a particularly severe penance involving highly restricted eating and fasting (Atikṛcchra penance (an extreme penance))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of atikṛcchra
atikṛcchra - very difficult, extreme penance, a specific severe penance
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+kṛcchra)
- ati – very, excessive
indeclinable - kṛcchra – difficulty, penance
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'caran'.
चरन् (caran) - undertaking or observing the penance (performing, observing, practicing)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of carat
carat - moving, walking, performing
Present Active Participle
Derived from √car (to move, to perform) with present participle suffix '-at'
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'.
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born; a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective
suffix -ja
Derived from √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to a Brahmin.