मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-14
योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः ।
तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन ॥१४॥
तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन ॥१४॥
14. yo'nāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ ,
tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāmāharedavicārayan.
tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāmāharedavicārayan.
14.
yaḥ anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām āharet avicārayan
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām āharet avicārayan
14.
yaḥ anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ca yaḥ ayajvā sahasraguḥ,
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām avicārayan āharet
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām avicārayan āharet
14.
One who has not established the sacred fires and owns a hundred cows, and another who does not perform (Vedic rituals) (yajña) and owns a thousand cows - from the households of even these two, one should take (wealth) without hesitation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)
- अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has failed to perform the ritual of establishing the sacred household fires (agnihotra) (one who has not established the sacred fires)
- शतगुः (śataguḥ) - a wealthy person possessing a hundred cattle (owning a hundred cows/cattle)
- अयज्वा (ayajvā) - one who neglects the performance of (Vedic rituals) (yajña) (not a performer of (Vedic rituals), non-sacrificer)
- च (ca) - and, also
- सहस्रगुः (sahasraguḥ) - a very wealthy person possessing a thousand cattle (owning a thousand cows/cattle)
- तयोः (tayoḥ) - from the two individuals previously described (of those two, from those two)
- अपि (api) - even from these (despite their wealth) (even, also, too)
- कुटुम्बाभ्याम् (kuṭumbābhyām) - from the wealth belonging to the two families (from the two households, from the two families)
- आहरेत् (āharet) - one should take (wealth) (one should take, should procure, should bring)
- अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without deliberation or scruple (not considering, not deliberating, without hesitation)
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
Note: Relative pronoun.
अनाहिताग्निः (anāhitāgniḥ) - one who has failed to perform the ritual of establishing the sacred household fires (agnihotra) (one who has not established the sacred fires)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anāhitāgni
anāhitāgni - one who has not established the sacred fires
Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (an+āhita+agni)
- an – not, un-
indeclinable - āhita – established, placed, set up
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from ā-√dhā 'to place, establish'
Prefix: ā
Root: dhā (class 3) - agni – fire, sacred fire
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the first type of person.
शतगुः (śataguḥ) - a wealthy person possessing a hundred cattle (owning a hundred cows/cattle)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śatagu
śatagu - having a hundred cows
Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+go)
- śata – a hundred
numeral (neuter) - go – cow, cattle, ox
noun (masculine/feminine)
Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'yaḥ'.
अयज्वा (ayajvā) - one who neglects the performance of (Vedic rituals) (yajña) (not a performer of (Vedic rituals), non-sacrificer)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ayajvan
ayajvan - not a sacrificer, one who does not perform (Vedic rituals)
from a- + yajvan
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yajvan)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - yajvan – sacrificer, worshipper, performer of a (Vedic ritual)
noun (masculine)
from √yaj 'to worship, sacrifice' with -van suffix
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Refers to the second type of person.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two descriptions of individuals.
सहस्रगुः (sahasraguḥ) - a very wealthy person possessing a thousand cattle (owning a thousand cows/cattle)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasragu
sahasragu - having a thousand cows
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sahasra+go)
- sahasra – a thousand
numeral (neuter) - go – cow, cattle, ox
noun (masculine/feminine)
Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'yaḥ'.
तयोः (tayoḥ) - from the two individuals previously described (of those two, from those two)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the two persons mentioned.
अपि (api) - even from these (despite their wealth) (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
कुटुम्बाभ्याम् (kuṭumbābhyām) - from the wealth belonging to the two families (from the two households, from the two families)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, dual of kuṭumba
kuṭumba - family, household, lineage
Note: Indicates source, goes with tayoḥ.
आहरेत् (āharet) - one should take (wealth) (one should take, should procure, should bring)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hṛ
Optative Mood, Third Person Singular
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Implies 'one (the king/authority) should take.'
अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without deliberation or scruple (not considering, not deliberating, without hesitation)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avicārayat
avicārayat - not considering, not deliberating, thoughtless
Present Active Participle
from a- + vi-√car 'to move, ponder' in causative
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicārayat)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - vicārayat – considering, deliberating
present participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle (causative)
from vi-√car in causative stem vicāraya-
Prefix: vi
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Adverbially used, describing the action of 'taking'. The agent taking the wealth (implied king/authority) is not deliberating.