मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-28
आपत्कल्पेन यो धर्मं कुरुतेऽनापदि द्विजः ।
स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य परत्रेति विचारितम ॥२८॥
स नाप्नोति फलं तस्य परत्रेति विचारितम ॥२८॥
28. āpatkalpena yo dharmaṁ kurute'nāpadi dvijaḥ ,
sa nāpnoti phalaṁ tasya paratreti vicāritam.
sa nāpnoti phalaṁ tasya paratreti vicāritam.
28.
āpatkalpena yaḥ dharmam kurute anāpadi dvijaḥ
saḥ na āpnoti phalam tasya paratra iti vicāritam
saḥ na āpnoti phalam tasya paratra iti vicāritam
28.
yaḥ dvijaḥ anāpadi āpatkalpena dharmam kurute
saḥ tasya phalam paratra na āpnoti iti vicāritam
saḥ tasya phalam paratra na āpnoti iti vicāritam
28.
A twice-born (dvija) who performs his duty (dharma) by emergency provisions when not in a state of distress, does not obtain the fruit of that (action) in the afterlife; thus it is considered.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आपत्कल्पेन (āpatkalpena) - by following a less stringent rule allowed in emergencies (by an emergency rule, by an alternative in distress)
- यः (yaḥ) - the person (dvija) who (who, which)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the prescribed religious or moral duty (duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law)
- कुरुते (kurute) - he observes, practices (he performs, he does, he makes)
- अनापदि (anāpadi) - in a situation where emergency rules are not necessary (when there is no distress, in normal circumstances)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the upper three varnas (but often specifically Brahmin in ritual contexts) (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)
- सः (saḥ) - he (the twice-born) (he, that)
- न (na) - negation (not, no)
- आप्नोति (āpnoti) - receives, gains (obtains, reaches, attains)
- फलम् (phalam) - the beneficial outcome (e.g., merit, heavenly reward) (fruit, result, consequence)
- तस्य (tasya) - of that duty/action (of that, his)
- परत्र (paratra) - after death, in the spiritual realm (in the next world, in the other world, hereafter)
- इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)
- विचारितम् (vicāritam) - a considered opinion, a conclusion reached (considered, investigated, decided)
Words meanings and morphology
आपत्कल्पेन (āpatkalpena) - by following a less stringent rule allowed in emergencies (by an emergency rule, by an alternative in distress)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of āpatkalpa
āpatkalpa - emergency rule, alternative in distress
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āpat+kalpa)
- āpat – distress, calamity, emergency
noun (feminine)
from āpad (f.) - kalpa – rule, ordinance, alternative, procedure
noun (masculine)
from root kḷp (to be suitable, to prepare)
Root: kḷp (class 1)
यः (yaḥ) - the person (dvija) who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to dvijaḥ.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the prescribed religious or moral duty (duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, essential nature, innate constitution
from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of kurute.
कुरुते (kurute) - he observes, practices (he performs, he does, he makes)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √kṛ
present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice
root kṛ (8th class, tanādi)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अनापदि (anāpadi) - in a situation where emergency rules are not necessary (when there is no distress, in normal circumstances)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of anāpad
anāpad - non-distress, not in calamity
an (negation) + āpad (distress)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āpad)
- an – not, non
indeclinable
negation prefix - āpad – distress, calamity, emergency
noun (feminine)
Note: Adverbial usage, 'when there is no distress'.
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the upper three varnas (but often specifically Brahmin in ritual contexts) (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), Brahmin, bird, snake, tooth
dvi (twice) + ja (born)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective (masculine)
adjectival suffix
from root jan
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
सः (saḥ) - he (the twice-born) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlate of yaḥ.
न (na) - negation (not, no)
(indeclinable)
आप्नोति (āpnoti) - receives, gains (obtains, reaches, attains)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √āp
present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice
from root āp (5th class)
Prefix: ā
Root: āp (class 5)
फलम् (phalam) - the beneficial outcome (e.g., merit, heavenly reward) (fruit, result, consequence)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, advantage
Note: Object of āpnoti.
तस्य (tasya) - of that duty/action (of that, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to dharmam (or the implied action). phalam tasya means 'the fruit of that'.
परत्र (paratra) - after death, in the spiritual realm (in the next world, in the other world, hereafter)
(indeclinable)
locative of para (other)
इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates the preceding statement is an opinion or conclusion.
विचारितम् (vicāritam) - a considered opinion, a conclusion reached (considered, investigated, decided)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vicārita
vicārita - considered, thought, investigated, decided
Past Passive Participle
from root car with prefixes vi and ā (or vicār denominative)
Prefixes: vi+ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Impersonal construction.