मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-42
ये शूद्रादधिगम्यार्थमग्निहोत्रमुपासते ।
ऋत्विजस्ते हि शूद्राणां ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हिताः ॥४२॥
ऋत्विजस्ते हि शूद्राणां ब्रह्मवादिषु गर्हिताः ॥४२॥
42. ye śūdrādadhigamyārthamagnihotramupāsate ,
ṛtvijaste hi śūdrāṇāṁ brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ.
ṛtvijaste hi śūdrāṇāṁ brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ.
42.
ye śūdrāt adhigamya artham agnihotram upāsate
ṛtvijaḥ te hi śūdrāṇām brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ
ṛtvijaḥ te hi śūdrāṇām brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ
42.
ye ṛtvijaḥ śūdrāt artham adhigamya agnihotram
upāsate te hi śūdrāṇām brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ
upāsate te hi śūdrāṇām brahmavādiṣu garhitāḥ
42.
Those priests who, having acquired wealth from a `śūdra`, perform the `agnihotra` (fire ritual) – they are indeed condemned among those who expound the Veda, being considered as mere priests for `śūdras`.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ये (ye) - who, which, those who
- शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a śūdra
- अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having obtained, having acquired, having understood
- अर्थम् (artham) - wealth, money (wealth, purpose, object, meaning)
- अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - the Agnihotra ritual
- उपासते (upāsate) - they serve, they worship, they perform
- ऋत्विजः (ṛtvijaḥ) - priests, ritualists
- ते (te) - they, those
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of the śūdras
- ब्रह्मवादिषु (brahmavādiṣu) - among those who expound the Veda / brahman
- गर्हीताः (garhītāḥ) - condemned, censured, despised
Words meanings and morphology
ये (ye) - who, which, those who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a śūdra
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth (lowest) social class (varṇa)
अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having obtained, having acquired, having understood
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from the root √gam with prefix adhi-
Prefix: adhi
Root: gam (class 1)
अर्थम् (artham) - wealth, money (wealth, purpose, object, meaning)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of artha
artha - aim, purpose, object, wealth, meaning
अग्निहोत्रम् (agnihotram) - the Agnihotra ritual
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of agnihotra
agnihotra - a daily fire ritual performed by Brahmins
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+hotra)
- agni – fire, sacred fire
noun (masculine) - hotra – oblation, offering, a Vedic ritual (from √hu 'to offer')
noun (neuter)
Root: hu (class 3)
उपासते (upāsate) - they serve, they worship, they perform
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (lat) of upās
root verb √ās with prefix upa-
Prefix: upa
Root: ās (class 2)
ऋत्विजः (ṛtvijaḥ) - priests, ritualists
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtvij
ṛtvij - a priest, an officiating priest (at a Vedic ritual)
From ṛtu + √yaj
Root: yaj (class 1)
ते (te) - they, those
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, it
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of the śūdras
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth (lowest) social class (varṇa)
ब्रह्मवादिषु (brahmavādiṣu) - among those who expound the Veda / brahman
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of brahmavādin
brahmavādin - an expounder of the Veda, one who discourses on brahman
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+vādin)
- brahman – Veda, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality (brahman)
noun (neuter) - vādin – speaker, expounder, one who advocates
noun (masculine)
From root √vad
Root: vad (class 1)
गर्हीताः (garhītāḥ) - condemned, censured, despised
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of garhita
garhita - blamed, censured, condemned, despised
Past Passive Participle
From root √garh
Root: garh (class 1)