मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-126
तुरीयो ब्रह्महत्यायाः क्षत्रियस्य वधे स्मृतः ।
वैश्येऽष्टमांशो वृत्तस्थे शूद्रे ज्ञेयस्तु षोडशः ॥१२६॥
वैश्येऽष्टमांशो वृत्तस्थे शूद्रे ज्ञेयस्तु षोडशः ॥१२६॥
126. turīyo brahmahatyāyāḥ kṣatriyasya vadhe smṛtaḥ ,
vaiśye'ṣṭamāṁśo vṛttasthe śūdre jñeyastu ṣoḍaśaḥ.
vaiśye'ṣṭamāṁśo vṛttasthe śūdre jñeyastu ṣoḍaśaḥ.
126.
turīyaḥ brahmahatyāyāḥ kṣatriyasya vadhe smṛtaḥ
vaiśye aṣṭamāṃśaḥ vṛttasthe śūdre jñeyaḥ tu ṣoḍaśaḥ
vaiśye aṣṭamāṃśaḥ vṛttasthe śūdre jñeyaḥ tu ṣoḍaśaḥ
126.
brahmahatyāyāḥ turīyaḥ kṣatriyasya vadhe smṛtaḥ; vṛttasthe
vaiśye aṣṭamāṃśaḥ (jñeyaḥ); tu śūdre ṣoḍaśaḥ jñeyaḥ (iti)
vaiśye aṣṭamāṃśaḥ (jñeyaḥ); tu śūdre ṣoḍaśaḥ jñeyaḥ (iti)
126.
A fourth part of the sin of brahmin-killing (brahmahatyā) is declared for the killing of a kṣatriya. In the case of a vaiśya of good conduct, an eighth part (of the sin) is prescribed; and for a śūdra, a sixteenth part is to be known.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तुरीयः (turīyaḥ) - a quarter, one-fourth of the sin (fourth, a fourth part)
- ब्रह्महत्यायाः (brahmahatyāyāḥ) - pertaining to the severe sin of murdering a brahmin (of brahmin-killing, of the sin of killing a brahmin)
- क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - referring to the killing of a kṣatriya (of a kṣatriya)
- वधे (vadhe) - when a kṣatriya is killed (in killing, in slaying)
- स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is traditionally held or stated (remembered, declared, taught)
- वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in the case of killing a vaiśya (in a vaiśya, concerning a vaiśya)
- अष्टमांशः (aṣṭamāṁśaḥ) - one-eighth share of the brahmin-killing sin (eighth part, one-eighth)
- वृत्तस्थे (vṛttasthe) - specifically if the vaiśya maintains good conduct (being of good conduct, established in proper behavior)
- शूद्रे (śūdre) - in the case of killing a śūdra (in a śūdra, concerning a śūdra)
- ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - is to be understood (as the prescribed penance/sin portion) (to be known, knowable, should be understood)
- तु (tu) - and, further (introducing the next clause) (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- षोडशः (ṣoḍaśaḥ) - a sixteenth share of the brahmin-killing sin (sixteenth, a sixteenth part)
Words meanings and morphology
तुरीयः (turīyaḥ) - a quarter, one-fourth of the sin (fourth, a fourth part)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of turīya
turīya - fourth, a quarter
From catur (four)
ब्रह्महत्यायाः (brahmahatyāyāḥ) - pertaining to the severe sin of murdering a brahmin (of brahmin-killing, of the sin of killing a brahmin)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of brahmahatyā
brahmahatyā - the murder of a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), the sin of brahmin-killing
Compound of brahman (brahmin) and hatyā (killing)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+hatyā)
- brahman – brahmin, the Absolute (brahman)
noun (masculine/neuter) - hatyā – killing, murder, slaughter
noun (feminine)
From root han (to strike, kill)
Root: han (class 2)
क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - referring to the killing of a kṣatriya (of a kṣatriya)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior/ruling caste
From kṣatra (rule, dominion)
वधे (vadhe) - when a kṣatriya is killed (in killing, in slaying)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - killing, slaying, murder
From root vadh (to strike, kill)
Root: vadh (class 1)
स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is traditionally held or stated (remembered, declared, taught)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recollected, taught, declared
Past Passive Participle
From root smṛ (to remember) with -kta suffix
Root: smṛ (class 1)
वैश्ये (vaiśye) - in the case of killing a vaiśya (in a vaiśya, concerning a vaiśya)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the merchant/farmer caste
From viś (people, community)
अष्टमांशः (aṣṭamāṁśaḥ) - one-eighth share of the brahmin-killing sin (eighth part, one-eighth)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭamāṃśa
aṣṭamāṁśa - eighth part
Compound of aṣṭama (eighth) and aṃśa (part)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (aṣṭama+aṃśa)
- aṣṭama – eighth
adjective
From aṣṭan (eight) - aṃśa – part, share, portion
noun (masculine)
From root aṃś (to divide)
Root: aṃś (class 1)
वृत्तस्थे (vṛttasthe) - specifically if the vaiśya maintains good conduct (being of good conduct, established in proper behavior)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of vṛttastha
vṛttastha - standing in proper conduct, being of good character
Compound of vṛtta (conduct) and stha (standing, abiding)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtta+stha)
- vṛtta – conduct, course, action, state
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root vṛt (to be, exist)
Root: vṛt (class 1) - stha – standing, abiding, situated in
adjective
From root sthā (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
शूद्रे (śūdre) - in the case of killing a śūdra (in a śūdra, concerning a śūdra)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the lowest social class
ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - is to be understood (as the prescribed penance/sin portion) (to be known, knowable, should be understood)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya
jñeya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible
Gerundive
From root jñā (to know) with -eya suffix
Root: jñā (class 9)
तु (tu) - and, further (introducing the next clause) (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
षोडशः (ṣoḍaśaḥ) - a sixteenth share of the brahmin-killing sin (sixteenth, a sixteenth part)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣoḍaśa
ṣoḍaśa - sixteenth, consisting of sixteen
From ṣoḍaśan (sixteen)