मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-211
त्र्यहं प्रातस्त्र्यहं सायं त्र्यहमद्यादयाचितम ।
त्र्यहं परं च नाश्नीयात प्राजापत्यं चरन द्विजः ॥२११॥
त्र्यहं परं च नाश्नीयात प्राजापत्यं चरन द्विजः ॥२११॥
211. tryahaṁ prātastryahaṁ sāyaṁ tryahamadyādayācitam ,
tryahaṁ paraṁ ca nāśnīyāt prājāpatyaṁ caran dvijaḥ.
tryahaṁ paraṁ ca nāśnīyāt prājāpatyaṁ caran dvijaḥ.
211.
tryaham prātaḥ tryaham sāyam tryaham adyāt ayācitam
tryaham param ca na aśnīyāt prājāpatyam caran dvijaḥ
tryaham param ca na aśnīyāt prājāpatyam caran dvijaḥ
211.
dvijaḥ prājāpatyam caran tryaham prātaḥ tryaham sāyam
tryaham ayācitam adyāt ca param tryaham na aśnīyāt
tryaham ayācitam adyāt ca param tryaham na aśnīyāt
211.
A twice-born (dvija) observing the Prajapatya penance should eat for three days in the morning, for three days in the evening, and for three days (only) unasked food; and for the subsequent three days, he should not eat at all.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
- प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early
- त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
- सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening
- त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
- अद्यात् (adyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
- अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - food that has not been specifically requested by the observer of the penance (unasked, unbegged (food))
- त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
- परम् (param) - the following period of three days (subsequently, later, next)
- च (ca) - and
- न (na) - not, no
- अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
- प्राजापत्यम् (prājāpatyam) - a specific twelve-day penance involving regulated eating and fasting (Prajapatya penance)
- चरन् (caran) - undertaking or observing the penance (performing, observing, practicing)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a twice-born)
Words meanings and morphology
त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial accusative indicating duration.
प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early
(indeclinable)
त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial accusative indicating duration.
सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening
(indeclinable)
त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial accusative indicating duration.
अद्यात् (adyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ad
Root: ad (class 2)
अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - food that has not been specifically requested by the observer of the penance (unasked, unbegged (food))
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ayācita
ayācita - unasked, unbegged
Past Passive Participle
Derived from √yāc (to ask) with prefix 'a-' (negation) and suffix '-ita'
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+yācita)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - yācita – asked, begged
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from √yāc (to ask) with suffix '-ita'
Root: yāc (class 1)
Note: Refers to food (annam) implied.
त्र्यहम् (tryaham) - for three days, a period of three days
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tryaha
tryaha - period of three days
Compound type : dvigu (tri+ahan)
- tri – three
numeral - ahan – day
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial accusative indicating duration.
परम् (param) - the following period of three days (subsequently, later, next)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, subsequent, supreme
Note: Adverbial accusative. Refers to the 'next' three-day period.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, he should eat
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of aś
Root: aś (class 9)
प्राजापत्यम् (prājāpatyam) - a specific twelve-day penance involving regulated eating and fasting (Prajapatya penance)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of prājāpatya
prājāpatya - relating to Prajapati; a type of penance or expiation (kṛcchra)
Derived from Prajāpati (lord of creation)
Note: Object of 'caran'.
चरन् (caran) - undertaking or observing the penance (performing, observing, practicing)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of carat
carat - moving, walking, performing
Present Active Participle
Derived from √car (to move, to perform) with present participle suffix '-at'
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'dvijaḥ'.
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin (dvija) (a twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born; a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective
suffix -ja
Derived from √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to a Brahmin.