मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-43
तेषां सततमज्ञानां वृषलाग्न्युपसेविनाम ।
पदा मस्तकमाक्रम्य दाता दुर्गाणि संतरेत ॥४३॥
पदा मस्तकमाक्रम्य दाता दुर्गाणि संतरेत ॥४३॥
43. teṣāṁ satatamajñānāṁ vṛṣalāgnyupasevinām ,
padā mastakamākramya dātā durgāṇi saṁtaret.
padā mastakamākramya dātā durgāṇi saṁtaret.
43.
teṣām satatam ajñānām vṛṣalāgni upasevinām
padā mastakam ākramya dātā durgāṇi saṃtaret
padā mastakam ākramya dātā durgāṇi saṃtaret
43.
dātā satatam ajñānām vṛṣalāgni upasevinām
teṣām mastakam padā ākramya durgāṇi saṃtaret
teṣām mastakam padā ākramya durgāṇi saṃtaret
43.
The giver (dātā), stepping on the heads of those who are constantly ignorant and who serve degraded fires, should overcome difficulties.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (ignorant persons) (of them, their)
- सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always
- अज्ञानाम् (ajñānām) - of the ignorant, of those without knowledge
- वृषलाग्नि (vṛṣalāgni) - A fire ritual that is considered improper or defiled, or performed by those not entitled. (degraded fire, fire of a śūdra)
- उपसेविनाम् (upasevinām) - of those who serve or attend to such degraded fires. (of those who serve, of those who worship)
- पदा (padā) - by the foot, with the foot
- मस्तकम् (mastakam) - head
- आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having stepped on, having overcome, having seized
- दाता (dātā) - a giver, a donor
- दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties, obstacles, troubles
- संतरेत् (saṁtaret) - should cross over, should overcome
Words meanings and morphology
तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (ignorant persons) (of them, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always
(indeclinable)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from `sat` (being) or `saṃ-tan` (to stretch out) with `kta` suffix for participles. Often used adverbially in neuter accusative singular.
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Used adverbially.
अज्ञानाम् (ajñānām) - of the ignorant, of those without knowledge
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of ajñāna
ajñāna - ignorant, foolish, unlearned; ignorance
Negative compound `a-jñāna`. `jñāna` is knowledge. `a` is a negative prefix.
Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)
- a – not, non
indeclinable
Negative prefix - jñāna – knowledge, understanding
noun (neuter)
Derived from root `jñā` (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9)
वृषलाग्नि (vṛṣalāgni) - A fire ritual that is considered improper or defiled, or performed by those not entitled. (degraded fire, fire of a śūdra)
(noun)
masculine, singular of vṛṣalāgni
vṛṣalāgni - fire of a śūdra, degraded fire
Compound of `vṛṣala` and `agni`
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vṛṣala+agni)
- vṛṣala – a śūdra, a degraded person, an outcaste
noun (masculine) - agni – fire
noun (masculine)
Root: ag (class 1)
Note: This word forms part of a larger compound `vṛṣalāgnyupasevinām`.
उपसेविनाम् (upasevinām) - of those who serve or attend to such degraded fires. (of those who serve, of those who worship)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of upasevin
upasevin - serving, worshipping, attending; one who serves
Agent noun (nomen agentis)
Formed from `upa-sev` + `ini` suffix.
Prefix: upa
Root: sev (class 1)
पदा (padā) - by the foot, with the foot
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of pad
pad - foot, step
Root: pad (class 4)
मस्तकम् (mastakam) - head
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mastaka
mastaka - head, skull
आक्रम्य (ākramya) - having stepped on, having overcome, having seized
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
Formed from `ā-kram` + `lyap` suffix.
Prefix: ā
Root: kram (class 1)
दाता (dātā) - a giver, a donor
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ
dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower
Agent noun
From root `dā` (to give) with `tṛ` suffix.
Root: dā (class 3)
दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties, obstacles, troubles
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of durga
durga - difficult, inaccessible; difficulty, fortress
Compound of `dur` (bad, difficult) and `ga` (going).
Prefix: dur
Root: gam (class 1)
संतरेत् (saṁtaret) - should cross over, should overcome
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃtṛ
From `sam` + `tṛ`.
Prefix: sam
Root: tṛ (class 1)