मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-12
यो वैश्यः स्याद बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः ।
कुटुम्बात तस्य तद द्रव्यमाहरेद यज्ञसिद्धये ॥१२॥
कुटुम्बात तस्य तद द्रव्यमाहरेद यज्ञसिद्धये ॥१२॥
12. yo vaiśyaḥ syād bahupaśurhīnakraturasomapaḥ ,
kuṭumbāt tasya tad dravyamāhared yajñasiddhaye.
kuṭumbāt tasya tad dravyamāhared yajñasiddhaye.
12.
yaḥ vaiśyaḥ syāt bahupaśuḥ hīnakratuḥ asomapaḥ
kuṭumbāt tasya tat dravyam āharet yajñasiddhaye
kuṭumbāt tasya tat dravyam āharet yajñasiddhaye
12.
yaḥ vaiśyaḥ bahupaśuḥ hīnakratuḥ asomapaḥ syāt,
tasya kuṭumbāt tat dravyam yajñasiddhaye āharet
tasya kuṭumbāt tat dravyam yajñasiddhaye āharet
12.
If there is a Vaiśya who possesses many cattle, but performs few (Vedic rituals) (kratu) and does not partake in Soma rituals, one should take that wealth from his family for the successful completion of a (Vedic ritual) (yajña).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be
- बहुपशुः (bahupaśuḥ) - rich in livestock, prosperous (having many cattle, rich in animals)
- हीनक्रतुः (hīnakratuḥ) - neglecting important (Vedic rituals) (performing few or inadequate (Vedic rituals), having deficient (Vedic rituals))
- असोमपः (asomapaḥ) - one who does not perform rituals requiring Soma offering or consumption (not a drinker of Soma, not performing Soma rituals)
- कुटुम्बात् (kuṭumbāt) - from the family, from the household
- तस्य (tasya) - of him, his
- तत् (tat) - that (aforementioned) (that, such)
- द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - material possessions, funds (wealth, substance, property, material)
- आहरेत् (āharet) - one should procure (by taking) (one should take, should procure, should bring)
- यज्ञसिद्धये (yajñasiddhaye) - for the proper execution and successful completion of a (Vedic ritual) (yajña) (for the completion of a (Vedic ritual), for the success of an offering)
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
Note: Relative pronoun.
वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man of the third class (trader, farmer, cattle-owner)
from viś 'settlement, people'
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
Optative Mood, Third Person Singular
Root: as (class 2)
बहुपशुः (bahupaśuḥ) - rich in livestock, prosperous (having many cattle, rich in animals)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bahupaśu
bahupaśu - having much cattle, rich in animals
Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+paśu)
- bahu – much, many, numerous
adjective (masculine) - paśu – cattle, animal, beast
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.
हीनक्रतुः (hīnakratuḥ) - neglecting important (Vedic rituals) (performing few or inadequate (Vedic rituals), having deficient (Vedic rituals))
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of hīnakratu
hīnakratu - having deficient (kratu), performing few (kratu)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (hīna+kratu)
- hīna – deficient, inferior, abandoned, left
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from √hā 'to abandon, quit'
Root: hā (class 3) - kratu – power, strength, resolve, will, (Vedic ritual)
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.
असोमपः (asomapaḥ) - one who does not perform rituals requiring Soma offering or consumption (not a drinker of Soma, not performing Soma rituals)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asomapa
asomapa - not a drinker of Soma, one who does not offer Soma
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+somapa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - somapa – Soma drinker, one who drinks Soma
adjective/noun (masculine)
from Soma + √pā 'to drink'
Root: pā (class 1)
Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ.
कुटुम्बात् (kuṭumbāt) - from the family, from the household
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of kuṭumba
kuṭumba - family, household, lineage
तस्य (tasya) - of him, his
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the vaiśyaḥ.
तत् (tat) - that (aforementioned) (that, such)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Here, accusative singular neuter, referring to dravyam.
द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - material possessions, funds (wealth, substance, property, material)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dravya
dravya - substance, thing, wealth, money, material
Root: dru (class 1)
Note: Object of āharet.
आहरेत् (āharet) - one should procure (by taking) (one should take, should procure, should bring)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hṛ
Optative Mood, Third Person Singular
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Implies 'one (the king/authority) should take.'
यज्ञसिद्धये (yajñasiddhaye) - for the proper execution and successful completion of a (Vedic ritual) (yajña) (for the completion of a (Vedic ritual), for the success of an offering)
(noun)
Dative, feminine, singular of yajñasiddhi
yajñasiddhi - (Vedic ritual) completion, success of an offering
Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+siddhi)
- yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, offering
noun (masculine)
Root: yaj (class 1) - siddhi – accomplishment, success, completion, perfection
noun (feminine)
from √sidh 'to accomplish'
Root: sidh (class 4)
Note: Expresses purpose.