मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-24
न यज्ञार्थं धनं शूद्राद विप्रो भिक्षेत कर्हि चित ।
यजमानो हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते ॥२४॥
यजमानो हि भिक्षित्वा चण्डालः प्रेत्य जायते ॥२४॥
24. na yajñārthaṁ dhanaṁ śūdrād vipro bhikṣeta karhi cit ,
yajamāno hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate.
yajamāno hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate.
24.
na yajñārtham dhanam śūdrāt vipraḥ bhikṣeta karhi
cit yajamānaḥ hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate
cit yajamānaḥ hi bhikṣitvā caṇḍālaḥ pretya jāyate
24.
vipraḥ yajñārtham dhanam śūdrāt karhi cit na bhikṣeta
hi yajamānaḥ bhikṣitvā pretya caṇḍālaḥ jāyate
hi yajamānaḥ bhikṣitvā pretya caṇḍālaḥ jāyate
24.
A brahmin should never beg for wealth from a śūdra for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña). For the performer of the Vedic ritual (yajña), having begged, is indeed born as an outcast (caṇḍāla) after death.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña), for the sake of (yajña)
- धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, money, riches
- शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a member of the lowest social class (śūdra) (from a śūdra)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class (a brahmin, a wise person, an inspired one)
- भिक्षेत (bhikṣeta) - he should beg, one should beg
- कर्हि (karhi) - when, ever
- चित् (cit) - even, any, ever
- यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - the performer of the Vedic ritual (yajña), the patron of a Vedic ritual
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly
- भिक्षित्वा (bhikṣitvā) - having begged
- चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - an outcast, a dog-eater
- प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world
- जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
negative particle
यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña), for the sake of (yajña)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of yajñārtha
yajñārtha - purpose of a Vedic ritual, for the sake of (yajña)
compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+artha)
- yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship
noun (masculine)
Root: yaj (class 1) - artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Used adverbially.
धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, money, riches
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana
dhana - wealth, money, riches, property
Root: dhā (class 3)
शूद्रात् (śūdrāt) - from a member of the lowest social class (śūdra) (from a śūdra)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth or lowest social class (varṇa)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class (a brahmin, a wise person, an inspired one)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - a brahmin, a wise man, an inspired poet, a priest
from root vip (to tremble, be agitated, inspired)
Root: vip (class 1)
भिक्षेत (bhikṣeta) - he should beg, one should beg
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhikṣ
optative mood
3rd person singular, middle voice
Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
कर्हि (karhi) - when, ever
(indeclinable)
interrogative/indefinite adverb
चित् (cit) - even, any, ever
(indeclinable)
indefinite particle
यजमानः (yajamānaḥ) - the performer of the Vedic ritual (yajña), the patron of a Vedic ritual
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yajamāna
yajamāna - sacrificing, performing a Vedic ritual, a sacrificer, the patron of a Vedic ritual
present participle (middle voice)
from root yaj (to sacrifice, worship)
Root: yaj (class 1)
हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly
(indeclinable)
particle
भिक्षित्वा (bhikṣitvā) - having begged
(indeclinable)
absolutivizer (gerund)
formed from the root bhikṣ with the suffix -tvā
Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - an outcast, a dog-eater
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla
caṇḍāla - an outcast, a dog-eater, an untouchable (traditional term for the lowest class)
प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, in the next world
(indeclinable)
absolutivizer (gerund)
formed from pra + i (to go) with suffix -ya (after upasarga)
Prefix: pra
Root: i (class 2)
जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
present indicative
3rd person singular, middle voice (passive-like meaning)
Root: jan (class 4)