मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-35
विधाता शासिता वक्ता मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ।
तस्मै नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गिरमीरयेत ॥३५॥
तस्मै नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कां गिरमीरयेत ॥३५॥
35. vidhātā śāsitā vaktā maitro brāhmaṇa ucyate ,
tasmai nākuśalaṁ brūyānna śuṣkāṁ giramīrayet.
tasmai nākuśalaṁ brūyānna śuṣkāṁ giramīrayet.
35.
vidhātā śāsitā vaktā maitraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ucyate
tasmai na akuśalam brūyāt na śuṣkām giram īrayeta
tasmai na akuśalam brūyāt na śuṣkām giram īrayeta
35.
brāhmaṇaḥ vidhātā śāsitā vaktā maitraḥ ucyate
tasmai akuśalam na brūyāt na śuṣkām giram īrayeta
tasmai akuśalam na brūyāt na śuṣkām giram īrayeta
35.
An ordainer, an instructor, an expounder, and a benevolent person is called a (brāhmaṇa). One should not speak anything unwholesome to him, nor should one utter harsh words.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विधाता (vidhātā) - ordainer, creator, disposer
- शासिता (śāsitā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner
- वक्ता (vaktā) - speaker, expounder
- मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - friendly, benevolent
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said
- तस्मै (tasmai) - to the described (brāhmaṇa) (to him, to such a one)
- न (na) - not
- अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - unwholesome, inauspicious, harmful
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak, one should say
- न (na) - not
- शुष्काम् (śuṣkām) - harsh, dry, barren
- गिरम् (giram) - speech, word
- ईरयेत (īrayeta) - one should utter, one should direct
Words meanings and morphology
विधाता (vidhātā) - ordainer, creator, disposer
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhātṛ
vidhātṛ - ordainer, creator, arranger
Agent noun from vi-dhā
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
शासिता (śāsitā) - ruler, instructor, discipliner
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śāsitṛ
śāsitṛ - ruler, instructor, discipliner
Agent noun from śās
Root: śās (class 2)
वक्ता (vaktā) - speaker, expounder
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaktṛ
vaktṛ - speaker, expounder, orator
Agent noun from vac
Root: vac (class 2)
मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - friendly, benevolent
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of maitra
maitra - friendly, benevolent, relating to a friend
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, pertaining to brahman
Note: Included in brackets in translation.
उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac
Passive
Passive form of vac (3rd person singular present tense)
Root: vac (class 2)
तस्मै (tasmai) - to the described (brāhmaṇa) (to him, to such a one)
(pronoun)
Dative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the brahmin.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अकुशलम् (akuśalam) - unwholesome, inauspicious, harmful
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of akuśala
akuśala - unwholesome, inauspicious, evil
Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kuśala' (wholesome, auspicious)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kuśala)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - kuśala – skilled, clever, wholesome, auspicious
adjective
Note: Functions as a noun here, 'an unwholesome thing'.
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak, one should say
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū
Optative
3rd person singular optative mood
Root: brū (class 2)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
शुष्काम् (śuṣkām) - harsh, dry, barren
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śuṣka
śuṣka - dry, withered, harsh
Past Passive Participle of śuṣ with kṛt affix 'ka'
Root: śuṣ (class 4)
Note: Qualifies `giram`.
गिरम् (giram) - speech, word
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of gir
gir - speech, word, voice
ईरयेत (īrayeta) - one should utter, one should direct
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of īr
Optative
3rd person singular optative mood
Root: īr (class 1)