मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-172
एतास्तिस्रस्तु भार्यार्थे नोपयच्छेत तु बुद्धिमान ।
ज्ञातित्वेनानुपेयास्ताः पतति ह्युपयन्नधः ॥१७२॥
ज्ञातित्वेनानुपेयास्ताः पतति ह्युपयन्नधः ॥१७२॥
172. etāstisrastu bhāryārthe nopayacchet tu buddhimān ,
jñātitvenānupeyāstāḥ patati hyupayannadhaḥ.
jñātitvenānupeyāstāḥ patati hyupayannadhaḥ.
172.
etāḥ tisraḥ tu bhāryā-arthe na upayaccheta tu buddhimān
jñātitvena anupeyāḥ tāḥ patati hi upayan adhaḥ
jñātitvena anupeyāḥ tāḥ patati hi upayan adhaḥ
172.
buddhimān tu etāḥ tisraḥ bhāryā-arthe na upayaccheta
hi tāḥ jñātitvena anupeyāḥ upayan adhaḥ patati
hi tāḥ jñātitvena anupeyāḥ upayan adhaḥ patati
172.
A wise person should certainly not take these three (women) as wives, for they are not to be approached due to kinship, and by marrying them, one certainly falls into degradation.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एताः (etāḥ) - these (referring to the three types of cousins mentioned in the previous context) (these)
- तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (specifically, paternal aunt's daughter, maternal aunt's daughter, and maternal uncle's daughter) (three)
- तु (tu) - however, certainly (but, indeed, however)
- भार्या-अर्थे (bhāryā-arthe) - as a wife (for the purpose of a wife, as a wife)
- न (na) - not
- उपयच्छेत (upayaccheta) - one should marry (one should marry, one should approach)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
- बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - a wise person (wise, intelligent)
- ज्ञातित्वेन (jñātitvena) - due to kinship (by kinship, due to relationship)
- अनुपेयाः (anupeyāḥ) - not to be approached (for marriage or relations) (not to be approached, not to be married)
- ताः (tāḥ) - them (referring to the three women) (them, those)
- पतति (patati) - one falls (into degradation) (he falls, it falls)
- हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, surely, for)
- उपयन् (upayan) - one who marries (them) (approaching, marrying)
- अधः (adhaḥ) - into degradation (moral or spiritual decline) (downwards, below, to hell, to degradation)
Words meanings and morphology
एताः (etāḥ) - these (referring to the three types of cousins mentioned in the previous context) (these)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Refers to the females previously mentioned.
तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three (specifically, paternal aunt's daughter, maternal aunt's daughter, and maternal uncle's daughter) (three)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tri
tri - three
Feminine nominative plural of tri.
Note: Qualifies an implied 'women' or 'daughters'.
तु (tu) - however, certainly (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the prohibition.
भार्या-अर्थे (bhāryā-arthe) - as a wife (for the purpose of a wife, as a wife)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of bhāryā-artha
bhāryā-artha - for the sake of a wife, for the purpose of a wife
Compound.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāryā+artha)
- bhāryā – wife, she who is to be supported
noun (feminine)
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (from root bhṛ 'to bear/support')
From root bhṛ (to bear, support) with ṇya suffix, feminine form.
Root: bhṛ (class 3) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
noun (masculine)
Note: Functions adverbially to mean 'as a wife'.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Negation particle.
Note: Negates the verb upayaccheta.
उपयच्छेत (upayaccheta) - one should marry (one should marry, one should approach)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √yam
Optative mood, middle voice.
From upa + root yam (to restrain, hold) in the 3rd person singular, optative, ātmanepada. (Pāṇini 1.3.79, upa-yam in ātmanepada means 'to marry').
Prefix: upa
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Expresses a prescriptive command.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adds emphasis.
बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - a wise person (wise, intelligent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat
buddhimat - intelligent, wise, discerning
Possessive suffix matup from buddhi (intellect).
Note: Subject of the implied action of not marrying.
ज्ञातित्वेन (jñātitvena) - due to kinship (by kinship, due to relationship)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñātitva
jñātitva - kinship, relationship, knowledge
Derived from jñāti (relation, kinsman) + tva (abstract noun suffix).
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Indicates the reason for prohibition.
अनुपेयाः (anupeyāḥ) - not to be approached (for marriage or relations) (not to be approached, not to be married)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of anupeya
anupeya - not to be approached, not to be taken, not to be married
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
Negated an + upa + root i (to go) + ya (gerundive suffix).
Prefix: upa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'them'.
ताः (tāḥ) - them (referring to the three women) (them, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Co-refers with etāḥ tisraḥ.
पतति (patati) - one falls (into degradation) (he falls, it falls)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat
Present tense, active voice.
3rd person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada.
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: The subject is upayan (the one marrying).
हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, surely, for)
(indeclinable)
Explanatory particle.
उपयन् (upayan) - one who marries (them) (approaching, marrying)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of upa-yan
upa-yan - approaching, obtaining, marrying
Present active participle
From upa + root i (to go), present active participle, nominative singular masculine.
Prefix: upa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: The agent of falling into degradation.
अधः (adhaḥ) - into degradation (moral or spiritual decline) (downwards, below, to hell, to degradation)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial.
Note: Indicates the result of the patati action.