मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-31
न ब्राह्मणो वेदयेत किंचिद राजनि धर्मवित ।
स्ववीर्येणैव तांशिष्यान मानवानपकारिणः ॥३१॥
स्ववीर्येणैव तांशिष्यान मानवानपकारिणः ॥३१॥
31. na brāhmaṇo vedayeta kiṁcid rājani dharmavit ,
svavīryeṇaiva tāṁśiṣyān mānavānapakāriṇaḥ.
svavīryeṇaiva tāṁśiṣyān mānavānapakāriṇaḥ.
31.
na brāhmaṇaḥ vedayeta kiñcit rājani dharmavit
svavīryeṇa eva tān śiṣyān mānavān apakāriṇaḥ
svavīryeṇa eva tān śiṣyān mānavān apakāriṇaḥ
31.
A brahmin who understands the sacred law (dharma) should not report anything at all to the king concerning those human offenders who are his own disciples. Instead, he should deal with them by his own inherent power.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, one belonging to the brahmin caste
- वेदयेत (vedayeta) - should report, should make known
- किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something
- राजनि (rājani) - to the king, in the king
- धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing (dharma), one who knows sacred law
- स्ववीर्येण (svavīryeṇa) - by one's own power, by one's own strength
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- तान् (tān) - those
- शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - disciples, students
- मानवान् (mānavān) - humans, men
- अपकारिणः (apakāriṇaḥ) - offenders, those who harm
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin, one belonging to the brahmin caste
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the brahmin caste
Root: bṛh (class 1)
वेदयेत (vedayeta) - should report, should make known
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vedaya
causative
Causative stem of √vid (to know), formed with -aya suffix.
Root: vid (class 2)
किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something
(indeclinable)
राजनि (rājani) - to the king, in the king
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rāj
धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knowing (dharma), one who knows sacred law
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit
dharmavit - knowing (dharma), expert in sacred law
Compound of dharma + vit (from √vid)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)
- dharma – sacred law, duty, righteousness, essential nature
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - vid – knowing, wise
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle (secondary suffix)
From √vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇaḥ.
स्ववीर्येण (svavīryeṇa) - by one's own power, by one's own strength
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of svavīrya
svavīrya - one's own power/strength
Compound of sva + vīrya
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+vīrya)
- sva – own, one's own
pronoun (masculine) - vīrya – power, strength, valor
noun (neuter)
Root: vīr
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes 'svavīryeṇa'.
तान् (tān) - those
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to disciples and offenders.
शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - disciples, students
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya
śiṣya - disciple, student
Gerundive/Passive Participle
From √śās (to teach, to discipline). Literally 'one to be taught'.
Root: śās (class 2)
मानवान् (mānavān) - humans, men
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of mānava
mānava - human, man
Derived from Manu.
अपकारिणः (apakāriṇaḥ) - offenders, those who harm
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of apakārin
apakārin - offender, injurer, harmful
From prefix apa + √kṛ with -in suffix.
Prefix: apa
Root: kṛ (class 8)