मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-11, verse-117
एतदेव व्रतं कुर्युरुपपातकिनो द्विजाः ।
अवकीर्णिवर्ज्यं शुद्ध्यर्थं चान्द्रायणमथापि वा ॥११७॥
अवकीर्णिवर्ज्यं शुद्ध्यर्थं चान्द्रायणमथापि वा ॥११७॥
117. etadeva vrataṁ kuryurupapātakino dvijāḥ ,
avakīrṇivarjyaṁ śuddhyarthaṁ cāndrāyaṇamathāpi vā.
avakīrṇivarjyaṁ śuddhyarthaṁ cāndrāyaṇamathāpi vā.
117.
etat eva vratam kuryuḥ upapātakinaḥ dvijāḥ
avakīrṇivarjyam śuddhyartham cāndrāyaṇam atha api vā
avakīrṇivarjyam śuddhyartham cāndrāyaṇam atha api vā
117.
upapātakinaḥ dvijāḥ śuddhyartham etat eva vratam kuryuḥ,
atha api vā cāndrāyaṇam [kuryuḥ] avakīrṇivarjyam.
atha api vā cāndrāyaṇam [kuryuḥ] avakīrṇivarjyam.
117.
The twice-born (dvija) individuals who have committed minor sins should undertake this very vow (vrata) for purification, or alternatively, the Cāndrāyaṇa (vrata), but this excludes one who has broken the vow of chastity (avakirṇin).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतत् (etat) - this
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance, penance
- कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should do, should perform
- उपपातकिनः (upapātakinaḥ) - those who have committed minor sins
- द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)
- अवकीर्णिवर्ज्यम् (avakīrṇivarjyam) - excluding one who has broken his vow of chastity
- शुद्ध्यर्थम् (śuddhyartham) - for the purpose of purification, for purification
- चान्द्रायणम् (cāndrāyaṇam) - Cāndrāyaṇa penance
- अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- वा (vā) - or
Words meanings and morphology
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this here
Note: Agrees with 'vratam'.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance, penance
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata
vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred duty, penance
Note: Object of 'kuryuḥ'.
कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - should do, should perform
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
उपपातकिनः (upapātakinaḥ) - those who have committed minor sins
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of upapātakin
upapātakin - one who has committed a minor sin
Derived from upapātaka (minor sin) + -in (possessive suffix).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upapātaka+in)
- upapātaka – minor sin, secondary sin
noun (neuter)
Prefix: upa
Note: Subject of 'kuryuḥ'.
द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija
dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, bird, tooth
Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective
from root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: In this context, refers to members of the upper three social classes, primarily Brahmins.
अवकीर्णिवर्ज्यम् (avakīrṇivarjyam) - excluding one who has broken his vow of chastity
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of avakīrṇivarjya
avakīrṇivarjya - to be excluded by an avakīrṇin, not for an avakīrṇin
Gerundive
Compound: avakīrṇin (one who has broken his vow of chastity) + varjya (to be avoided/excluded).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avakīrṇin+varjya)
- avakīrṇin – one who has broken his vow of chastity (a student who has had sexual intercourse during his Vedic studies)
noun (masculine)
from ava-kṛ (to scatter, spill) + -in (suffix)
Prefix: ava
Root: kṛ (class 6) - varjya – to be avoided, to be excluded, forbidden
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
from root vṛj (to avoid, abandon)
Root: vṛj (class 10)
Note: Qualifies the 'vratam' as 'not applicable to an avakīrṇin'.
शुद्ध्यर्थम् (śuddhyartham) - for the purpose of purification, for purification
(indeclinable)
Compound: śuddhi (purification) + artha (purpose).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuddhi+artha)
- śuddhi – purification, purity
noun (feminine) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Adverbial usage.
चान्द्रायणम् (cāndrāyaṇam) - Cāndrāyaṇa penance
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of cāndrāyaṇa
cāndrāyaṇa - Cāndrāyaṇa penance (a vow of gradually increasing and decreasing food intake, following lunar phases)
Note: Alternative to 'etat vratam'.
अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here with 'vā' for 'or else'.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
Note: Used with 'vā' for 'or even'.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction for 'or'.