मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-418
वैश्यशूद्रौ प्रयत्नेन स्वानि कर्माणि कारयेत ।
तौ हि च्युतौ स्वकर्मभ्यः क्षोभयेतामिदं जगत ॥४१८॥
तौ हि च्युतौ स्वकर्मभ्यः क्षोभयेतामिदं जगत ॥४१८॥
418. vaiśyaśūdrau prayatnena svāni karmāṇi kārayet ,
tau hi cyutau svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetāmidaṁ jagat.
tau hi cyutau svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetāmidaṁ jagat.
418.
vaiśyaśūdrau prayatnena svāni karmāṇi kārayet tau
hi cyutau svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetām idam jagat
hi cyutau svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetām idam jagat
418.
vaiśyaśūdrau svāni karmāṇi prayatnena kārayet hi tau svakarmebhyaḥ cyutau idam jagat kṣobhayetām.
418.
The king should diligently ensure that vaiśyas and śūdras perform their prescribed duties (karma). For if these two deviate from their own specific duties, they would indeed agitate this world.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वैश्यशूद्रौ (vaiśyaśūdrau) - vaiśya and śūdra (dual)
- प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - with effort, diligently, carefully
- स्वानि (svāni) - their own
- कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - prescribed duties (actions, duties, deeds)
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - should ensure (they) perform (should make (them) do, should cause (them) to act)
- तौ (tau) - these two (the vaiśyas and śūdras) (those two, they (dual))
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- च्युतौ (cyutau) - deviate (fallen, deviated, having departed)
- स्वकर्मभ्यः (svakarmabhyaḥ) - from their own specific duties (from their own duties, from their own actions)
- क्षोभयेताम् (kṣobhayetām) - they would disturb, they would agitate
- इदम् (idam) - this
- जगत् (jagat) - world, universe
Words meanings and morphology
वैश्यशूद्रौ (vaiśyaśūdrau) - vaiśya and śūdra (dual)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of vaiśyaśūdra
vaiśyaśūdra - a member of the vaiśya and śūdra classes
compound of vaiśya and śūdra
Compound type : dvandva (vaiśya+śūdra)
- vaiśya – a member of the merchant or agricultural class
noun (masculine)
from viś- ('to enter', 'to settle')
Root: viś (class 7) - śūdra – a member of the labourer class
noun (masculine)
प्रयत्नेन (prayatnena) - with effort, diligently, carefully
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of prayatna
prayatna - effort, exertion, diligence
from pra-yat-
Prefix: pra
Root: yat (class 1)
स्वानि (svāni) - their own
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of sva
sva - one's own, self
Note: Used here as an adjective modifying karmāṇi.
कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - prescribed duties (actions, duties, deeds)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, duty, work (karma)
from kṛ- ('to do')
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कारयेत् (kārayet) - should ensure (they) perform (should make (them) do, should cause (them) to act)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kāray
causative optative
causative stem kāray- from root kṛ-, 3rd person singular optative active
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The implied subject is 'the king'.
तौ (tau) - these two (the vaiśyas and śūdras) (those two, they (dual))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
particle
च्युतौ (cyutau) - deviate (fallen, deviated, having departed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of cyuta
cyuta - fallen, deviated, having departed
Past Passive Participle
formed from root cyu- ('to move', 'to fall')
Root: cyu (class 1)
Note: Agrees with tau.
स्वकर्मभ्यः (svakarmabhyaḥ) - from their own specific duties (from their own duties, from their own actions)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, plural of svakarman
svakarman - one's own duty, one's own action
compound of sva and karman
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karman)
- sva – one's own, self
pronoun (masculine) - karman – action, deed, duty, work
noun (neuter)
from kṛ- ('to do')
Root: kṛ (class 8)
क्षोभयेताम् (kṣobhayetām) - they would disturb, they would agitate
(verb)
3rd person , dual, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṣobhay
causative optative
causative stem kṣobhay- from root kṣubh-, 3rd person dual optative active
Root: kṣubh (class 1)
Note: The subject is tau (vaiśyaśūdra).
इदम् (idam) - this
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, this one
Note: Used here as an adjective modifying jagat.
जगत् (jagat) - world, universe
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of jagat
jagat - world, universe, moving
Present Active Participle
from root gam- ('to go'), can be used as a noun meaning 'world'
Root: gam (class 1)