मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-339
वानस्पत्यं मूलफलं दार्वग्न्यर्थं तथैव च ।
तृणं च गोभ्यो ग्रासार्थमस्तेयं मनुरब्रवीत ॥३३९॥
तृणं च गोभ्यो ग्रासार्थमस्तेयं मनुरब्रवीत ॥३३९॥
339. vānaspatyaṁ mūlaphalaṁ dārvagnyarthaṁ tathaiva ca ,
tṛṇaṁ ca gobhyo grāsārthamasteyaṁ manurabravīt.
tṛṇaṁ ca gobhyo grāsārthamasteyaṁ manurabravīt.
339.
vānaspatyam mūlaphaḷam dāru agniartham tathā eva ca
tṛṇam ca gobhyaḥ grāsārtham asteyam manuḥ abravīt
tṛṇam ca gobhyaḥ grāsārtham asteyam manuḥ abravīt
339.
manuḥ abravīt vānaspatyam mūlaphaḷam dāru agniartham
tathā eva ca tṛṇam ca gobhyaḥ grāsārtham asteyam
tathā eva ca tṛṇam ca gobhyaḥ grāsārtham asteyam
339.
The produce of trees and plants, roots, fruits, and wood for fire rituals (homa), and likewise, grass for fodder for cows, are declared by Manu to be non-theft.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वानस्पत्यम् (vānaspatyam) - produce of trees and plants (relating to trees/plants, vegetable, forest produce)
- मूलफऌअम् (mūlaphaḷam) - roots and fruits
- दारु (dāru) - wood (wood, timber)
- अग्निअर्थम् (agniartham) - for fire rituals (homa) (for the purpose of fire, for fire)
- तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)
- एव (eva) - (emphatic, completing 'likewise') (only, just, indeed, precisely)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- तृणम् (tṛṇam) - grass (grass, straw)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- गोभ्यः (gobhyaḥ) - for cows (to/for cows, from cows)
- ग्रासार्थम् (grāsārtham) - for fodder (for the purpose of food, for fodder)
- अस्तेयम् (asteyam) - non-theft (non-stealing, not theft)
- मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver) (Manu (a primordial man, lawgiver))
- अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - declared (he said, he declared)
Words meanings and morphology
वानस्पत्यम् (vānaspatyam) - produce of trees and plants (relating to trees/plants, vegetable, forest produce)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vānaspatya
vānaspatya - belonging to or derived from trees/plants, vegetable
From vanaspati (tree/plant) + ya affix.
मूलफऌअम् (mūlaphaḷam) - roots and fruits
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mūlaphaḷa
mūlaphaḷa - roots and fruits
Dvandva compound of mūla (root) and phaḷa (fruit).
Compound type : dvandva (mūla+phaḷa)
- mūla – root, origin, foundation
noun (neuter) - phaḷa – fruit, result, reward
noun (neuter)
Note: mūlaphaḷam is neuter singular in Dvandva compounds often.
दारु (dāru) - wood (wood, timber)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāru
dāru - wood, timber, a log
अग्निअर्थम् (agniartham) - for fire rituals (homa) (for the purpose of fire, for fire)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of agniartha
agniartha - for the purpose of fire, meant for fire
Tatpurusha compound: agneḥ artham (for the purpose of fire).
Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+artha)
- agni – fire, god of fire
noun (masculine) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: The -am ending suggests accusative singular neuter, used adverbially for 'for the sake of'.
तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - (emphatic, completing 'likewise') (only, just, indeed, precisely)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used twice in the verse, connecting clauses.
तृणम् (tṛṇam) - grass (grass, straw)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tṛṇa
tṛṇa - grass, straw, a blade of grass
From root tṛ (to cross) + na suffix.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used twice in the verse, connecting clauses.
गोभ्यः (gobhyaḥ) - for cows (to/for cows, from cows)
(noun)
Dative, feminine, plural of go
go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
go stem.
Note: Refers to cattle in general.
ग्रासार्थम् (grāsārtham) - for fodder (for the purpose of food, for fodder)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of grāsārtha
grāsārtha - for the purpose of food, for eating
Tatpurusha compound: grāsasya artham (for the purpose of a mouthful/food).
Compound type : tatpurusha (grāsa+artha)
- grāsa – a mouthful, food, fodder
noun (masculine) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: The -am ending suggests accusative singular neuter, used adverbially for 'for the sake of'.
अस्तेयम् (asteyam) - non-theft (non-stealing, not theft)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of asteya
asteya - non-stealing, honesty, abstention from theft
Gerundive (from steya by adding a- prefix)
Negative prefix a- + steya (that which is to be stolen, or stealing). steya from root stey + yat.
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+steya)
- a – not, non
indeclinable
negative prefix - steya – theft, stealing, that which is to be stolen
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
From root stey or stī with yat suffix
Root: stey
मनुः (manuḥ) - Manu (the lawgiver) (Manu (a primordial man, lawgiver))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of manu
manu - Manu (name of the first man and lawgiver in Hindu tradition)
अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - declared (he said, he declared)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū
Imperfect past tense, 3rd person singular
From root brū, Parasmaipada, Imperfect, 3rd singular. Augment a- and ending t.
Root: brū (class 2)