मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-388
ऋत्विजं यस्त्यजेद याज्यो याज्यं चर्त्विक त्यजेद यदि ।
शक्तं कर्मण्यदुष्टं च तयोर्दण्डः शतं शतम ॥३८८॥
शक्तं कर्मण्यदुष्टं च तयोर्दण्डः शतं शतम ॥३८८॥
388. ṛtvijaṁ yastyajed yājyo yājyaṁ cartvik tyajed yadi ,
śaktaṁ karmaṇyaduṣṭaṁ ca tayordaṇḍaḥ śataṁ śatam.
śaktaṁ karmaṇyaduṣṭaṁ ca tayordaṇḍaḥ śataṁ śatam.
388.
ṛtvijam yaḥ tyajet yājyaḥ yājyam ca ṛtvik tyajet yadi
śaktam karmaṇi aduṣṭam ca tayoḥ daṇḍaḥ śatam śatam
śaktam karmaṇi aduṣṭam ca tayoḥ daṇḍaḥ śatam śatam
388.
yadi yaḥ yājyaḥ ṛtvijam tyajet,
ca ṛtvik yājyam tyajet,
[both being] karmaṇi śaktam ca aduṣṭam,
tayoḥ daṇḍaḥ śatam śatam.
ca ṛtvik yājyam tyajet,
[both being] karmaṇi śaktam ca aduṣṭam,
tayoḥ daṇḍaḥ śatam śatam.
388.
If a patron (yājya) abandons a priest (ṛtvij), or a priest (ṛtvik) abandons a patron (yājya), when both are competent and blameless in the (karma), the fine for each of them is one hundred (units).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋत्विजम् (ṛtvijam) - priest, ritual officiant
- यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever
- त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, may abandon
- याज्यः (yājyaḥ) - the patron, client of the priest (patron (for whom a ritual is performed), one to be sacrificed for)
- याज्यम् (yājyam) - the patron, client of the priest (patron (accusative))
- च (ca) - and, also
- ऋत्विक् (ṛtvik) - priest, ritual officiant
- त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, may abandon
- यदि (yadi) - if
- शक्तम् (śaktam) - capable, able, competent
- कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in the action, in the work, in the (karma)
- अदुष्टम् (aduṣṭam) - faultless, blameless, innocent
- च (ca) - and, also
- तयोः (tayoḥ) - of both of them, for the two
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - fine, punishment, rod
- शतम् (śatam) - a hundred
- शतम् (śatam) - a hundred
Words meanings and morphology
ऋत्विजम् (ṛtvijam) - priest, ritual officiant
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛtvij
ṛtvij - priest, sacrificial priest, ritual officiant
यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, may abandon
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj
Root: tyaj (class 1)
याज्यः (yājyaḥ) - the patron, client of the priest (patron (for whom a ritual is performed), one to be sacrificed for)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yājya
yājya - one for whom a Vedic ritual is to be performed, a patron
Gerundive
From root yaj (to perform Vedic ritual) + ṇyaT suffix. Means 'fit to be sacrificed for' or 'one who should have a Vedic ritual performed for them'.
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
याज्यम् (yājyam) - the patron, client of the priest (patron (accusative))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yājya
yājya - one for whom a Vedic ritual is to be performed, a patron
Gerundive
From root yaj (to perform Vedic ritual) + ṇyaT suffix.
Root: yaj (class 1)
Note: Object of the second clause.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
ऋत्विक् (ṛtvik) - priest, ritual officiant
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛtvij
ṛtvij - priest, sacrificial priest, ritual officiant
Note: Subject of the second clause. Final 'j' becomes 'k' due to external sandhi rules.
त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, may abandon
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj
Root: tyaj (class 1)
यदि (yadi) - if
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces the conditional clause.
शक्तम् (śaktam) - capable, able, competent
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śakta
śakta - able, capable, powerful, competent
Past Passive Participle
From root śak (to be able) + kta suffix.
Root: śak (class 5)
कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in the action, in the work, in the (karma)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, work, deed, ritual, fate (karma)
From root kṛ (to do, make) + manin suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
अदुष्टम् (aduṣṭam) - faultless, blameless, innocent
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aduṣṭa
aduṣṭa - not wicked, blameless, faultless, pure
Negative of Past Passive Participle
Compound of a- (not) and duṣṭa (wicked, corrupt, past passive participle of duṣ).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+duṣṭa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - duṣṭa – wicked, corrupt, evil
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root duṣ (to be corrupt) + kta suffix.
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: Here in singular accusative, referring generically to both the priest and patron as 'blameless'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
तयोः (tayoḥ) - of both of them, for the two
(pronoun)
Genitive, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the priest and the patron.
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - fine, punishment, rod
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, fine, penalty
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
शतम् (śatam) - a hundred
(numeral)
Note: Used twice to indicate '100 each'.
शतम् (śatam) - a hundred
(numeral)
Note: Used twice to indicate '100 each'.