मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-379
मौण्ड्यं प्राणान्तिकं दण्डो ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
इतरेषां तु वर्णानां दण्डः प्राणान्तिको भवेत ॥३७९॥
इतरेषां तु वर्णानां दण्डः प्राणान्तिको भवेत ॥३७९॥
379. mauṇḍyaṁ prāṇāntikaṁ daṇḍo brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate ,
itareṣāṁ tu varṇānāṁ daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntiko bhavet.
itareṣāṁ tu varṇānāṁ daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntiko bhavet.
379.
mauṇḍyam prāṇāntikam daṇḍaḥ brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate
| itareṣām tu varṇānām daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntikaḥ bhavet
| itareṣām tu varṇānām daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntikaḥ bhavet
379.
brāhmaṇasya mauṇḍyam prāṇāntikam daṇḍaḥ vidhīyate
tu itareṣām varṇānām daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntikaḥ bhavet
tu itareṣām varṇānām daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntikaḥ bhavet
379.
For a Brahmin, the punishment prescribed is tonsure, which is considered a punishment equivalent to death. But for other social classes (varnas), the punishment should be death itself.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मौण्ड्यम् (mauṇḍyam) - tonsure (as a severe punishment) (shaving the head, tonsure)
- प्राणान्तिकम् (prāṇāntikam) - equivalent to death (as a punishment) (ending in death, mortal, deadly)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (punishment, fine, staff, rod)
- ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - for a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin)
- विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is prescribed, is enjoined, is ordained)
- इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - for other (varnas) (of others, for others)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)
- वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (varnas) (of the classes, of the colors)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (punishment, fine, staff, rod)
- प्राणान्तिकः (prāṇāntikaḥ) - death (as a punishment) (ending in death, mortal, deadly)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
Words meanings and morphology
मौण्ड्यम् (mauṇḍyam) - tonsure (as a severe punishment) (shaving the head, tonsure)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mauṇḍya
mauṇḍya - shaving the head, tonsure
From muṇḍa (मुण्ड) 'bald, shaven' + ṣyañ (ष्यञ्) suffix.
Note: Subject of the first clause.
प्राणान्तिकम् (prāṇāntikam) - equivalent to death (as a punishment) (ending in death, mortal, deadly)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prāṇāntika
prāṇāntika - ending in death, mortal, deadly
From prāṇa (प्राण) 'life' + anta (अन्त) 'end' + ṭhak (ठक्) suffix.
Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+anta)
- prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
noun (masculine) - anta – end, termination, boundary
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with `mauṇḍyam`.
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (punishment, fine, staff, rod)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - punishment, fine, staff, rod, scepter
From root daṇḍ (दण्ड्) 'to punish'.
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Predicate noun for `mauṇḍyam`.
ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - for a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, relating to Brahman
Derived from brahman (ब्रह्मन्) + aṇ (अण्) suffix.
Root: bṛh (class 1)
Note: Indicates possession or relation, here 'for' or 'concerning'.
विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed (is prescribed, is enjoined, is ordained)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhā
Present Passive
From vi-dhā (वि-धा) 'to place, ordain'. 3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice.
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Verb for the first clause.
इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - for other (varnas) (of others, for others)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of itara
itara - other, another
Note: Qualifies `varṇānām`.
तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two clauses.
वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (varnas) (of the classes, of the colors)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, caste, class, letter, quality
From root vṛ (वृ) 'to choose'.
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Possessive, referring to the `varnas`.
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment (punishment, fine, staff, rod)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - punishment, fine, staff, rod, scepter
From root daṇḍ (दण्ड्) 'to punish'.
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Subject of the second clause.
प्राणान्तिकः (prāṇāntikaḥ) - death (as a punishment) (ending in death, mortal, deadly)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇāntika
prāṇāntika - ending in death, mortal, deadly
From prāṇa (प्राण) 'life' + anta (अन्त) 'end' + ṭhak (ठक्) suffix.
Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+anta)
- prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
noun (masculine) - anta – end, termination, boundary
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicative adjective for `daṇḍaḥ`.
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Optative Mood
From root bhū (भू). 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the second clause.