मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-265
सीमायामविषह्यायां स्वयं राजैव धर्मवित ।
प्रदिशेद भूमिमेकेषामुपकारादिति स्थितिः ॥२६५॥
प्रदिशेद भूमिमेकेषामुपकारादिति स्थितिः ॥२६५॥
265. sīmāyāmaviṣahyāyāṁ svayaṁ rājaiva dharmavit ,
pradiśed bhūmimekeṣāmupakārāditi sthitiḥ.
pradiśed bhūmimekeṣāmupakārāditi sthitiḥ.
265.
sīmāyām aviṣahyāyām svayam rājā eva dharmavit
pradiśet bhūmim ekeṣām upakārāt iti sthitiḥ
pradiśet bhūmim ekeṣām upakārāt iti sthitiḥ
265.
aviṣahyāyām sīmāyām,
dharmavit rājā eva svayam ekeṣām upakārāt bhūmim pradiśet; iti sthitiḥ (bhavati).
dharmavit rājā eva svayam ekeṣām upakārāt bhūmim pradiśet; iti sthitiḥ (bhavati).
265.
In the case of an undeterminable boundary, the king himself, being conversant with (dharma) law, should allot land to some individuals out of benevolence; such is the established rule.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सीमायाम् (sīmāyām) - in the boundary, concerning the boundary
- अविषह्यायाम् (aviṣahyāyām) - referring to an unresolvable or difficult-to-ascertain boundary (in the unendurable, undeterminable)
- स्वयम् (svayam) - the king himself (oneself, personally, by oneself)
- राजा (rājā) - king
- एव (eva) - Emphasizes that it is the king 'himself' who acts. (only, indeed, precisely)
- धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - The king, being knowledgeable in the principles of justice. (knower of (dharma) law/justice)
- प्रदिशेत् (pradiśet) - should allot, should assign
- भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth
- एकेषाम् (ekeṣām) - to some (people/individuals) (to some, of some)
- उपकारात् (upakārāt) - out of favor or benevolence (towards some individuals) (from help, for the sake of benefit, out of favor/benevolence)
- इति (iti) - introduces a conclusion or established statement (thus, in this manner)
- स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule or principle (position, state, established rule)
Words meanings and morphology
सीमायाम् (sīmāyām) - in the boundary, concerning the boundary
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of sīmā
sīmā - boundary, limit, frontier
अविषह्यायाम् (aviṣahyāyām) - referring to an unresolvable or difficult-to-ascertain boundary (in the unendurable, undeterminable)
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, singular of aviṣahyā
aviṣahyā - unendurable, insurmountable, difficult to ascertain/settle
Gerundive (kṛtya) with negation
a (negation) + viṣahyā (from vi + sah)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+viṣahyā)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
negation prefix - viṣahyā – endurable, manageable, ascertainable
adjective (feminine)
Gerundive (kṛtya)
derived from vi + sah
Prefix: vi
Root: sah (class 1)
स्वयम् (svayam) - the king himself (oneself, personally, by oneself)
(indeclinable)
राजा (rājā) - king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
n-stem noun
Root: rāj (class 1)
एव (eva) - Emphasizes that it is the king 'himself' who acts. (only, indeed, precisely)
(indeclinable)
धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - The king, being knowledgeable in the principles of justice. (knower of (dharma) law/justice)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit
dharmavit - one who knows (dharma) law, skilled in law
compound formed with vit (knower) from root vid (to know)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)
- dharma – law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, constitution
noun (masculine)
from root dhṛ
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - vid – knowing, wise, expert, knower
adjective (masculine)
Noun agent (kṛt)
suffix kvip from root vid
Root: vid (class 2)
प्रदिशेत् (pradiśet) - should allot, should assign
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pradiś
Optative mood
3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood
Prefix: pra
Root: diś (class 6)
भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi
bhūmi - earth, land, soil
Root: bhū
एकेषाम् (ekeṣām) - to some (people/individuals) (to some, of some)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of eka
eka - one, some, alone, singular
Note: Can also be dative plural in sense of 'to some'.
उपकारात् (upakārāt) - out of favor or benevolence (towards some individuals) (from help, for the sake of benefit, out of favor/benevolence)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of upakāra
upakāra - help, favor, benefit, service
from upa + kṛ
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Ablative expressing cause or motive.
इति (iti) - introduces a conclusion or established statement (thus, in this manner)
(indeclinable)
स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule or principle (position, state, established rule)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti
sthiti - standing, state, condition, established rule, settled course
from root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)