मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-377
उभावपि तु तावेव ब्राह्मण्या गुप्तया सह ।
विप्लुतौ शूद्रवद दण्ड्यौ दग्धव्यौ वा कटाग्निना ॥३७७॥
विप्लुतौ शूद्रवद दण्ड्यौ दग्धव्यौ वा कटाग्निना ॥३७७॥
377. ubhāvapi tu tāveva brāhmaṇyā guptayā saha ,
viplutau śūdravad daṇḍyau dagdhavyau vā kaṭāgninā.
viplutau śūdravad daṇḍyau dagdhavyau vā kaṭāgninā.
377.
ubhau api tu tau eva brāhmaṇyā guptayā saha |
viplutau śūdravat daṇḍyau dagdhavyau vā kaṭāgninā
viplutau śūdravat daṇḍyau dagdhavyau vā kaṭāgninā
377.
tu ubhau api tau eva guptayā brāhmaṇyā saha
viplutau śūdravat daṇḍyau vā kaṭāgninā dagdhavyau
viplutau śūdravat daṇḍyau vā kaṭāgninā dagdhavyau
377.
However, if those very two (the vaiśya and kṣatriya) violate a protected Brahmin woman (brāhmaṇī), both shall be punished like a śūdra (śūdra) or they must be burned with a straw fire.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उभौ (ubhau) - both (the vaiśya and kṣatriya) (both)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)
- तौ (tau) - those two (the vaiśya and kṣatriya) (those two)
- एव (eva) - very (those very two) (indeed, only, very, just)
- ब्राह्मण्या (brāhmaṇyā) - with a Brahmin woman
- गुप्तया (guptayā) - with a protected (Brahmin woman) (with a protected (woman))
- सह (saha) - with (with, together with)
- विप्लुतौ (viplutau) - having violated (the woman) (having violated, defiled, transgressed; overcome, disturbed)
- शूद्रवत् (śūdravat) - like a śūdra (śūdra) (like a śūdra, in the manner of a śūdra)
- दण्ड्यौ (daṇḍyau) - shall be punished (to be punished, punishable)
- दग्धव्यौ (dagdhavyau) - must be burnt (to be burnt)
- वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)
- कटाग्निना (kaṭāgninā) - by a straw fire (by fire of chaff, by straw fire)
Words meanings and morphology
उभौ (ubhau) - both (the vaiśya and kṣatriya) (both)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha
ubha - both
Note: Refers to the vaiśya and kṣatriya from the previous verse.
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic.
तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates a contrast or emphasis.
तौ (tau) - those two (the vaiśya and kṣatriya) (those two)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Coreferential with 'ubhau'.
एव (eva) - very (those very two) (indeed, only, very, just)
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मण्या (brāhmaṇyā) - with a Brahmin woman
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇī
brāhmaṇī - a Brahmin woman
Note: Governed by 'saha'.
गुप्तया (guptayā) - with a protected (Brahmin woman) (with a protected (woman))
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of gupta
gupta - protected, guarded, hidden
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup'
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'brāhmaṇyā'.
सह (saha) - with (with, together with)
(indeclinable)
विप्लुतौ (viplutau) - having violated (the woman) (having violated, defiled, transgressed; overcome, disturbed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of vipluta
vipluta - violated, defiled, transgressed; overcome, disturbed
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'plu' (to float, to go) with prefix 'vi-' (away, apart) implying transgression/defilement
Prefix: vi
Root: plu (class 1)
Note: Acts predicatively.
शूद्रवत् (śūdravat) - like a śūdra (śūdra) (like a śūdra, in the manner of a śūdra)
(indeclinable)
Suffix -vat indicates similarity
Note: Modifies 'daṇḍyau'.
दण्ड्यौ (daṇḍyau) - shall be punished (to be punished, punishable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - to be punished, punishable
Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)
Formed with suffix -ya from root 'daṇḍ'
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Predicative.
दग्धव्यौ (dagdhavyau) - must be burnt (to be burnt)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of dagdhavya
dagdhavya - to be burnt
Gerundive (kṛtya)
Formed with suffix -tavya from root 'dah' (to burn)
Root: dah (class 1)
Note: Predicative.
वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two punishments.
कटाग्निना (kaṭāgninā) - by a straw fire (by fire of chaff, by straw fire)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of kaṭāgni
kaṭāgni - fire of chaff, straw fire
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kaṭa+agni)
- kaṭa – chaff, straw, mat
noun (masculine) - agni – fire
noun (masculine)
Note: Instrument of burning.