मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-409
एष नौयायिनामुक्तो व्यवहारस्य निर्णयः ।
दाशापराधतस्तोये दैविके नास्ति निग्रहः ॥४०९॥
दाशापराधतस्तोये दैविके नास्ति निग्रहः ॥४०९॥
409. eṣa nauyāyināmukto vyavahārasya nirṇayaḥ ,
dāśāparādhatastoye daivike nāsti nigrahaḥ.
dāśāparādhatastoye daivike nāsti nigrahaḥ.
409.
eṣaḥ nauyāyinām uktaḥ vyavahārasya nirṇayaḥ
dāśāparādhataḥ toye daivike na asti nigrahaḥ
dāśāparādhataḥ toye daivike na asti nigrahaḥ
409.
This is the decision declared for legal matters concerning those who travel by boat. There is no penalty (or liability) for a boatman's fault when it arises from a water-related incident or a divine calamity.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एषः (eṣaḥ) - this
- नौयायिनाम् (nauyāyinām) - of those travelling by boat
- उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated
- व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) - of legal matters (of legal proceedings, of conduct, of transactions)
- निर्णयः (nirṇayaḥ) - decision, ascertainment, rule
- दाशापराधतः (dāśāparādhataḥ) - due to the boatman's fault
- तोये (toye) - when caused by a water-related incident (in water, in a water-related event)
- दैविके (daivike) - when caused by a divine calamity (in a divine (matter/calamity), by divine agency)
- न (na) - not
- अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
- निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint, penalty, liability
Words meanings and morphology
एषः (eṣaḥ) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of etad
etad - this, that
नौयायिनाम् (nauyāyinām) - of those travelling by boat
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nauyāyin
nauyāyin - boat traveler, voyager
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nau+yāyin)
- nau – boat, ship
noun (feminine) - yāyin – going, travelling, one who goes or travels
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun derived from root 'yā' (to go).
Root: yā (class 2)
उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta
ukta - said, spoken, declared
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) - of legal matters (of legal proceedings, of conduct, of transactions)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vyavahāra
vyavahāra - transaction, dealing, conduct, usage, legal proceedings, dispute
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: hṛ (class 1)
निर्णयः (nirṇayaḥ) - decision, ascertainment, rule
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nirṇaya
nirṇaya - decision, judgment, ascertainment, rule, conclusion
Prefix: nir
Root: ṇī (class 1)
दाशापराधतः (dāśāparādhataḥ) - due to the boatman's fault
(indeclinable)
Derived from the compound 'dāśāparādha' (boatman's fault) with the ablative suffix '-tas'.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāśa+aparādha)
- dāśa – boatman, fisherman
noun (masculine) - aparādha – fault, offense, crime
noun (masculine)
Prefix: apa
तोये (toye) - when caused by a water-related incident (in water, in a water-related event)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of toya
toya - water
Note: Implies a situation or incident related to water, like a current or wave.
दैविके (daivike) - when caused by a divine calamity (in a divine (matter/calamity), by divine agency)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of daivika
daivika - divine, celestial, providential, accidental (as an act of God)
Derived from 'deva' (god).
Note: Agrees with an implied noun like 'nimitte' (circumstance) or 'upadrave' (calamity).
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अस्ति (asti) - is, exists
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as
root verb, class 2 Parasmaipada
Root: as (class 2)
निग्रहः (nigrahaḥ) - restraint, penalty, liability
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nigraha
nigraha - restraint, control, punishment, penalty, liability
Prefix: ni
Root: grah (class 9)