मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-300
पृष्ठतस्तु शरीरस्य नोत्तमाङ्गे कथं चन ।
अतोऽन्यथा तु प्रहरन प्राप्तः स्याच्चौरकिल्बिषम ॥३००॥
अतोऽन्यथा तु प्रहरन प्राप्तः स्याच्चौरकिल्बिषम ॥३००॥
300. pṛṣṭhatastu śarīrasya nottamāṅge kathaṁ cana ,
ato'nyathā tu praharan prāptaḥ syāccaurakilbiṣam.
ato'nyathā tu praharan prāptaḥ syāccaurakilbiṣam.
300.
pṛṣṭhataḥ tu śarīrasya na uttama-aṅge katham cana |
ataḥ anyathā tu praharan prāptaḥ syāt caurakilbiṣam
ataḥ anyathā tu praharan prāptaḥ syāt caurakilbiṣam
300.
tu śarīrasya pṛṣṭhataḥ,
uttama-aṅge katham cana na.
ataḥ tu anyathā praharan caurakilbiṣam prāptaḥ syāt.
uttama-aṅge katham cana na.
ataḥ tu anyathā praharan caurakilbiṣam prāptaḥ syāt.
300.
But [the beating should be] on the back of the body, and never at all on the head. If one strikes otherwise, he would incur the guilt of a thief.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - on the back (of the body) (from the back, on the back, behind)
- तु (tu) - but (but, and, indeed)
- शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body
- न (na) - not
- उत्तम-अङ्गे (uttama-aṅge) - on the head (referring to the most vital part) (on the head, on the best limb)
- कथम् (katham) - with cana and na, implies "by no means" (how, in what manner)
- चन (cana) - "ever", "at all" (used with na and an interrogative to form universal negation) ((emphatic particle))
- अतः (ataḥ) - otherwise, if one acts differently from this rule (from this, therefore, otherwise (in conjunction with anyathā))
- अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another way
- तु (tu) - but (but, and, indeed)
- प्रहरन् (praharan) - if someone strikes (striking, hitting)
- प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - incurs, is subject to (obtained, reached, incurred)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- चौरकिल्बिषम् (caurakilbiṣam) - the guilt/penalty of a thief
Words meanings and morphology
पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - on the back (of the body) (from the back, on the back, behind)
(indeclinable)
taddhita suffix -tas from pṛṣṭha (back)
Note: Used adverbially.
तु (tu) - but (but, and, indeed)
(indeclinable)
शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of śarīra
śarīra - body
Note: Relates to pṛṣṭhataḥ.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates uttama-aṅge.
उत्तम-अङ्गे (uttama-aṅge) - on the head (referring to the most vital part) (on the head, on the best limb)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of uttama-aṅga
uttama-aṅga - chief limb, head
Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+aṅga)
- uttama – best, highest, chief
adjective - aṅga – limb, body part
noun (neuter)
कथम् (katham) - with cana and na, implies "by no means" (how, in what manner)
(indeclinable)
चन (cana) - "ever", "at all" (used with na and an interrogative to form universal negation) ((emphatic particle))
(indeclinable)
Note: With katham na means "never at all".
अतः (ataḥ) - otherwise, if one acts differently from this rule (from this, therefore, otherwise (in conjunction with anyathā))
(indeclinable)
Note: Here means "from this" context/rule, leading to "otherwise".
अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, in another way
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - but (but, and, indeed)
(indeclinable)
प्रहरन् (praharan) - if someone strikes (striking, hitting)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of praharat
praharat - striking
Present Active Participle
from pra-hṛ (to strike), śatṛ suffix
Prefix: pra
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Functions as a nominal agent, "one who strikes".
प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - incurs, is subject to (obtained, reached, incurred)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta
prāpta - obtained, acquired, incurred
Past Passive Participle
from pra-āp (to obtain)
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Here functions as a predicate adjective, 'one who has obtained'.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as
optative mood, third person singular
Root: as (class 2)
चौरकिल्बिषम् (caurakilbiṣam) - the guilt/penalty of a thief
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of caurakilbiṣa
caurakilbiṣa - the fault/crime/penalty of a thief
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (caura+kilbiṣa)
- caura – thief, robber
noun (masculine) - kilbiṣa – guilt, sin, crime, penalty
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of prāptaḥ.