मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-243
क्षेत्रियस्यात्यये दण्डो भागाद दशगुणो भवेत ।
ततोऽर्धदण्डो भृत्यानामज्ञानात क्षेत्रिकस्य तु ॥२४३॥
ततोऽर्धदण्डो भृत्यानामज्ञानात क्षेत्रिकस्य तु ॥२४३॥
243. kṣetriyasyātyaye daṇḍo bhāgād daśaguṇo bhavet ,
tato'rdhadaṇḍo bhṛtyānāmajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu.
tato'rdhadaṇḍo bhṛtyānāmajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu.
243.
kṣetriyasya atyaye daṇḍaḥ bhāgāt daśaguṇaḥ bhavet
tataḥ ardhadaṇḍaḥ bhṛtyānām ajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu
tataḥ ardhadaṇḍaḥ bhṛtyānām ajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu
243.
kṣetriyasya atyaye daṇḍaḥ bhāgāt daśaguṇaḥ bhavet
tu tataḥ bhṛtyānām kṣetrikasya ajñānāt ardhadaṇḍaḥ
tu tataḥ bhṛtyānām kṣetrikasya ajñānāt ardhadaṇḍaḥ
243.
In the event of damage (to a boundary or property) by the field owner, the fine should be ten times the (royal) share (of the produce). But for the servants (who cause damage), if it is due to the field owner's ignorance (or negligence), the fine is half of that amount.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षेत्रियस्य (kṣetriyasya) - of the owner of the field, of the tiller
- अत्यये (atyaye) - in case of damage, transgression, default, violation
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - a fine, punishment
- भागात् (bhāgāt) - than the royal share of produce (from the share, than the share)
- दशगुणः (daśaguṇaḥ) - ten times, tenfold
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
- अर्धदण्डः (ardhadaṇḍaḥ) - half fine
- भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of the servants, of the hired laborers
- अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to the field owner's ignorance or lack of supervision (due to ignorance, from not knowing)
- क्षेत्रिकस्य (kṣetrikasya) - of the field owner, of the farmer
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
Words meanings and morphology
क्षेत्रियस्य (kṣetriyasya) - of the owner of the field, of the tiller
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣetriya
kṣetriya - owner of a field, tiller, farmer
अत्यये (atyaye) - in case of damage, transgression, default, violation
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of atyaya
atyaya - transgression, damage, passing away, expiration
Prefix: ati
Root: i (class 2)
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - a fine, punishment
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - staff, punishment, fine, penalty
भागात् (bhāgāt) - than the royal share of produce (from the share, than the share)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of bhāga
bhāga - share, portion, part, division
Root: bhaj (class 1)
दशगुणः (daśaguṇaḥ) - ten times, tenfold
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaguṇa
daśaguṇa - ten times, tenfold
Compound type : karmadhāraya (daśa+guṇa)
- daśa – ten
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, multiplication, factor
noun (masculine)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
(indeclinable)
अर्धदण्डः (ardhadaṇḍaḥ) - half fine
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ardhadaṇḍa
ardhadaṇḍa - half fine, half punishment
Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+daṇḍa)
- ardha – half, a part
adjective (masculine) - daṇḍa – fine, punishment, staff
noun (masculine)
भृत्यानाम् (bhṛtyānām) - of the servants, of the hired laborers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of bhṛtya
bhṛtya - servant, hired person, dependent
Gerundive
Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support) + -tya suffix
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to the field owner's ignorance or lack of supervision (due to ignorance, from not knowing)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna
ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, want of knowledge
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)
- a – not, un-
prefix
negative prefix - jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
noun (neuter)
Root: jñā (class 9)
क्षेत्रिकस्य (kṣetrikasya) - of the field owner, of the farmer
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣetrika
kṣetrika - owner of a field, farmer, husbandman
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)