मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-263
सामन्ताश्चेत्मृषा ब्रूयुः सेतौ विवादतां नृणाम ।
सर्वे पृथक पृथग दण्ड्या राज्ञा मध्यमसाहसम ॥२६३॥
सर्वे पृथक पृथग दण्ड्या राज्ञा मध्यमसाहसम ॥२६३॥
263. sāmantāścetmṛṣā brūyuḥ setau vivādatāṁ nṛṇām ,
sarve pṛthak pṛthag daṇḍyā rājñā madhyamasāhasam.
sarve pṛthak pṛthag daṇḍyā rājñā madhyamasāhasam.
263.
sāmantāḥ cet mṛṣā brūyuḥ setau vivādatām nṛṇām
sarve pṛthak pṛthak daṇḍyāḥ rājñā madhyamasāhasam
sarve pṛthak pṛthak daṇḍyāḥ rājñā madhyamasāhasam
263.
cet nṛṇām setau vivādatām sāmantāḥ mṛṣā brūyuḥ,
sarve pṛthak pṛthak rājñā madhyamasāhasam daṇḍyāḥ
sarve pṛthak pṛthak rājñā madhyamasāhasam daṇḍyāḥ
263.
If neighbors speak falsely regarding a dispute among people concerning an embankment, all of them shall be punished separately by the king with a medium fine.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सामन्ताः (sāmantāḥ) - neighbors
- चेत् (cet) - if
- मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruly
- ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they should speak/say
- सेतौ (setau) - in the embankment, concerning the embankment
- विवादताम् (vivādatām) - of people who are disputing (of disputing)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them)
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually
- दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - should be punished, punishable
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
- मध्यमसाहसम् (madhyamasāhasam) - Refers to the 'middle amercement' in ancient Indian law, a specific category of fine. (with a medium fine)
Words meanings and morphology
सामन्ताः (sāmantāḥ) - neighbors
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sāmanta
sāmanta - neighbor, adjoining (land)
चेत् (cet) - if
(indeclinable)
मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untruly
(indeclinable)
Root: mṛṣ
ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - they should speak/say
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū
Optative mood
3rd person plural, active voice, optative mood
Root: brū (class 2)
सेतौ (setau) - in the embankment, concerning the embankment
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of setu
setu - bridge, embankment, dam
Root: si (class 5)
विवादताम् (vivādatām) - of people who are disputing (of disputing)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of vivādat
vivādat - disputing, contending
Present Active Participle
present active participle of vivad (vi + vad)
Prefix: vi
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Used here with nṛṇām, 'of disputing men'.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of people
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, person
सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually
(indeclinable)
पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, individually
(indeclinable)
दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - should be punished, punishable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, to be punished
Gerundive (kṛtya)
derived from root daṇḍ with suffix -ya
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
n-stem noun
Root: rāj (class 1)
मध्यमसाहसम् (madhyamasāhasam) - Refers to the 'middle amercement' in ancient Indian law, a specific category of fine. (with a medium fine)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyamasāhasa
madhyamasāhasa - middle fine, medium amercement
Compound type : karmadhāraya (madhyama+sāhasa)
- madhyama – middle, intermediate
adjective (neuter)
Root: mad - sāhasa – force, violence, fine, amercement
noun (neuter)
from sahas
Root: sah (class 1)
Note: Accusative used adverbially.