मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-320
धान्यं दशभ्यः कुम्भेभ्यो हरतोऽभ्यधिकं वधः ।
शेषेऽप्येकादशगुणं दाप्यस्तस्य च तद धनम ॥३२०॥
शेषेऽप्येकादशगुणं दाप्यस्तस्य च तद धनम ॥३२०॥
320. dhānyaṁ daśabhyaḥ kumbhebhyo harato'bhyadhikaṁ vadhaḥ ,
śeṣe'pyekādaśaguṇaṁ dāpyastasya ca tad dhanam.
śeṣe'pyekādaśaguṇaṁ dāpyastasya ca tad dhanam.
320.
dhānyam daśabhyaḥ kumbhebhyaḥ harataḥ abhyadhikam
vadhaḥ śeṣe api ekādaśaguṇam dāpyaḥ tasya ca tat dhanam
vadhaḥ śeṣe api ekādaśaguṇam dāpyaḥ tasya ca tat dhanam
320.
daśabhyaḥ kumbhebhyaḥ abhyadhikam
dhānyam harataḥ vadhaḥ (syāt) śeṣe
api (saḥ) ekādaśaguṇam dāpyaḥ (syāt)
ca tasya tat dhanam (āharyeta)
dhānyam harataḥ vadhaḥ (syāt) śeṣe
api (saḥ) ekādaśaguṇam dāpyaḥ (syāt)
ca tasya tat dhanam (āharyeta)
320.
For one stealing grain exceeding ten kumbhas (pots), the punishment is execution. For the remainder (i.e., theft of lesser value), he shall be made to pay eleven times its value, and that property shall also be taken from him.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain, corn
- दशभ्यः (daśabhyaḥ) - from ten
- कुम्भेभ्यः (kumbhebhyaḥ) - from pots, jars
- हरतः (harataḥ) - of one stealing, of the stealer
- अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - exceeding, more than
- वधः (vadhaḥ) - death, execution, capital punishment
- शेषे (śeṣe) - in the case of lesser theft (in the remainder, in other cases, for the rest)
- अपि (api) - even, also
- एकादशगुणम् (ekādaśaguṇam) - eleven-fold, eleven times the value
- दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - to be made to pay, liable to pay
- तस्य (tasya) - his, of him
- च (ca) - and
- तत् (tat) - that (property)
- धनम् (dhanam) - property, wealth, goods
Words meanings and morphology
धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain, corn
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhānya
dhānya - grain, corn
Root: dhā
Note: Object of stealing.
दशभ्यः (daśabhyaḥ) - from ten
(numeral)
Note: Qualifies kumbhebhyaḥ.
कुम्भेभ्यः (kumbhebhyaḥ) - from pots, jars
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of kumbha
kumbha - pot, jar, measure of capacity
Note: Indicates the amount from which the grain is stolen.
हरतः (harataḥ) - of one stealing, of the stealer
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of harat
harat - stealing, carrying away
Present Active Participle
Masculine singular genitive of present active participle of root hṛ (to steal)
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the person committing the theft.
अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - exceeding, more than
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of abhyadhika
abhyadhika - superior, exceeding, more than
Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+adhika)
- abhi – towards, over, exceeding
indeclinable
Prefix meaning "over", "above", "exceeding" - adhika – excessive, greater, additional
adjective
Note: Adverbial usage to quantify the amount of stolen grain.
वधः (vadhaḥ) - death, execution, capital punishment
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - striking, killing, death, execution
Root: vadh (class 1)
Note: Predicate noun, meaning "death" is the punishment.
शेषे (śeṣe) - in the case of lesser theft (in the remainder, in other cases, for the rest)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of śeṣa
śeṣa - remainder, rest, surplus
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
Note: Indicates condition.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
एकादशगुणम् (ekādaśaguṇam) - eleven-fold, eleven times the value
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ekādaśaguṇa
ekādaśaguṇa - eleven times, eleven-fold
Compound type : dvigu (ekādaśa+guṇa)
- ekādaśa – eleven
numeral - guṇa – quality, multiple, fold
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the penalty, i.e., "eleven times (the stolen value)".
दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - to be made to pay, liable to pay
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dāpya
dāpya - to be caused to pay, liable to pay
Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)
Derived from causative of root dā (to give), meaning "to be made to give/pay"
Root: dā (class 1)
Note: Predicative adjective.
तस्य (tasya) - his, of him
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - his, of him
Note: Indicates possession.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
तत् (tat) - that (property)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Adjective modifying dhanam.
धनम् (dhanam) - property, wealth, goods
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana
dhana - wealth, property, riches
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Predicate noun, or object if verb āharet is implied.