मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-310
अधार्मिकं त्रिभिर्न्यायैर्निगृह्णीयात प्रयत्नतः ।
निरोधनेन बन्धेन विविधेन वधेन च ॥३१०॥
निरोधनेन बन्धेन विविधेन वधेन च ॥३१०॥
310. adhārmikaṁ tribhirnyāyairnigṛhṇīyāt prayatnataḥ ,
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca.
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca.
310.
adhārmikam tribhiḥ nyāyaiḥ nigṛhṇīyāt prayatnataḥ
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca
310.
adhārmikam tribhiḥ nyāyaiḥ prayatnataḥ nigṛhṇīyāt
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca
nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca
310.
One should diligently punish those who violate natural law with three appropriate measures: by imprisonment, by restraint, and by various forms of corporal punishment or execution.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अधार्मिकम् (adhārmikam) - those who act against natural law (dharma) (the unrighteous, the impious)
- त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three
- न्यायैः (nyāyaiḥ) - by appropriate measures/means (by rules, by methods, by justice)
- निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - one should suppress, one should restrain, one should punish
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
- निरोधनेन (nirodhanena) - by imprisonment, by confinement
- बन्धेन (bandhena) - by binding, by bondage, by restraint
- विविधेन (vividhena) - by various, of diverse kinds
- वधेन (vadhena) - by corporal punishment or execution (by killing, by striking, by punishment)
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
अधार्मिकम् (adhārmikam) - those who act against natural law (dharma) (the unrighteous, the impious)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of adhārmika
adhārmika - unrighteous, impious, violating dharma
Derived from 'dharma' with 'a-' (negation) and suffix '-ika'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhārmika)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - dhārmika – righteous, pious, conforming to dharma
adjective (masculine)
Derived from 'dharma'
Note: Used here as a substantive (noun) meaning 'the unrighteous person'.
त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three
(numeral)
न्यायैः (nyāyaiḥ) - by appropriate measures/means (by rules, by methods, by justice)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nyāya
nyāya - rule, method, justice, right, appropriate course
Root: i (class 2)
निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - one should suppress, one should restrain, one should punish
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nigrah
Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice
From root grah (9th class), with upasarga 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: grah (class 9)
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
(indeclinable)
Derived with suffix '-tas' indicating 'by means of' or 'from'.
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: Used adverbially.
निरोधनेन (nirodhanena) - by imprisonment, by confinement
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of nirodhana
nirodhana - imprisonment, confinement, restraint
Derived from root 'rudh' with upasarga 'ni'
Prefix: ni
Root: rudh (class 7)
बन्धेन (bandhena) - by binding, by bondage, by restraint
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of bandha
bandha - binding, bond, imprisonment, restraint
Derived from root 'bandh'
Root: bandh (class 9)
विविधेन (vividhena) - by various, of diverse kinds
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of vividha
vividha - various, diverse, manifold
Note: Agrees with 'vadhena'.
वधेन (vadhena) - by corporal punishment or execution (by killing, by striking, by punishment)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - killing, striking, slaying, punishment, execution
Derived from root 'vadh' (a variant of 'han')
Root: han (class 2)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)