मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-283
केशेषु गृह्णतो हस्तौ छेदयेदविचारयन ।
पादयोर्दाढिकायां च ग्रीवायां वृषणेषु च ॥२८३॥
पादयोर्दाढिकायां च ग्रीवायां वृषणेषु च ॥२८३॥
283. keśeṣu gṛhṇato hastau chedayedavicārayan ,
pādayordāḍhikāyāṁ ca grīvāyāṁ vṛṣaṇeṣu ca.
pādayordāḍhikāyāṁ ca grīvāyāṁ vṛṣaṇeṣu ca.
283.
keśeṣu gṛhṇataḥ hastau chedayet avicārayan
pādayoḥ dāḍhikāyām ca grīvāyām vṛṣaṇeṣu ca
pādayoḥ dāḍhikāyām ca grīvāyām vṛṣaṇeṣu ca
283.
nṛpaḥ gṛhṇataḥ keśeṣu hastau avicārayan chedayet
pādayoḥ dāḍhikāyām ca grīvāyām vṛṣaṇeṣu ca
pādayoḥ dāḍhikāyām ca grīvāyām vṛṣaṇeṣu ca
283.
The king should, without hesitation, sever the hands of a person who seizes (another) by the hair. (He should also sever the hands of one who seizes) by the feet, by the beard, by the neck, or by the testicles.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- केशेषु (keśeṣu) - by the hair (locative of place where action is directed) (in the hairs, on the hairs)
- गृह्णतः (gṛhṇataḥ) - of one seizing, of one holding
- हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands
- छेदयेत् (chedayet) - should cause to be cut, should have severed (should cut, should sever)
- अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - not considering, without deliberation, without hesitation
- पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - by the feet (locative of point of contact/seizure) (of the two feet, in the two feet)
- दाढिकायाम् (dāḍhikāyām) - by the beard (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the beard, on the beard)
- च (ca) - and
- ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - by the neck (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the neck, on the neck)
- वृषणेषु (vṛṣaṇeṣu) - by the testicles (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the testicles, on the testicles)
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
केशेषु (keśeṣu) - by the hair (locative of place where action is directed) (in the hairs, on the hairs)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of keśa
keśa - hair
गृह्णतः (gṛhṇataḥ) - of one seizing, of one holding
(participle)
Genitive, masculine, singular of gṛhṇat
gṛhṇat - seizing, taking, holding
Present Active Participle
Derived from root grah (to seize, take).
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Used as an agent noun in genitive case.
हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of hasta
hasta - hand
छेदयेत् (chedayet) - should cause to be cut, should have severed (should cut, should sever)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of chid
Optative, third person singular, active voice (causative stem)
Causative stem chedaya (from root chid). Parasmaipada.
Root: chid (class 7)
Note: Causative form.
अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - not considering, without deliberation, without hesitation
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avicārayat
avicārayat - not considering, thoughtless
Present Active Participle
From a (negation) + vi (intensifier) + root car (to move, consider), causative stem cāraya.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicārayat)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - vicārayat – considering, deliberating
participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle (causative stem)
From vi + root car, causative stem cāraya.
Prefix: vi
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Refers to the agent, the king, performing the action without deliberation.
पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - by the feet (locative of point of contact/seizure) (of the two feet, in the two feet)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, dual of pāda
pāda - foot, leg
दाढिकायाम् (dāḍhikāyām) - by the beard (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the beard, on the beard)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of dāḍhikā
dāḍhikā - beard
Feminine form of dāḍhi.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
ग्रीवायाम् (grīvāyām) - by the neck (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the neck, on the neck)
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of grīvā
grīvā - neck
वृषणेषु (vṛṣaṇeṣu) - by the testicles (locative of point of contact/seizure) (in the testicles, on the testicles)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of vṛṣaṇa
vṛṣaṇa - testicle, scrotum
From root vṛṣ (to sprinkle, shed, impregnate).
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)