मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-332
स्यात साहसं त्वन्वयवत प्रसभं कर्म यत कृतम ।
निरन्वयं भवेत स्तेयं हृत्वाऽपव्ययते च यत ॥३३२॥
निरन्वयं भवेत स्तेयं हृत्वाऽपव्ययते च यत ॥३३२॥
332. syāt sāhasaṁ tvanvayavat prasabhaṁ karma yat kṛtam ,
niranvayaṁ bhavet steyaṁ hṛtvā'pavyayate ca yat.
niranvayaṁ bhavet steyaṁ hṛtvā'pavyayate ca yat.
332.
syāt sāhasaṃ tu anvayavat prasabhaṃ karma yat kṛtam
niranvayaṃ bhavet steyaṃ hṛtvā apavyayate ca yat
niranvayaṃ bhavet steyaṃ hṛtvā apavyayate ca yat
332.
tu syāt yat anvayavat prasabhaṃ karma kṛtam sāhasaṃ
niranvayaṃ bhavet ca yat hṛtvā apavyayate steyaṃ
niranvayaṃ bhavet ca yat hṛtvā apavyayate steyaṃ
332.
Indeed, a forcible act (prasabham karma) that is committed by an identifiable person (anvayavat) constitutes a violent crime (sāhasa). But that which is stolen (hṛtvā) and then concealed (apavyayate ca), where the perpetrator remains unidentifiable (nir-anvayam), is considered theft (steya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, let it be
- साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - violent crime (sāhasa) (violent crime, violence, rashness)
- तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand
- अन्वयवत् (anvayavat) - where the perpetrator is identifiable (having a trace/connection, identifiable, with lineage)
- प्रसभं (prasabhaṁ) - forcibly, with violence
- कर्म (karma) - act, deed, action
- यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)
- कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made
- निरन्वयं (niranvayaṁ) - where the perpetrator remains unidentifiable (without trace/connection, perpetrator not identifiable)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be
- स्तेयं (steyaṁ) - theft (steya) (theft, stealing)
- हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen, having carried away
- अपव्ययते (apavyayate) - conceals (the stolen item) or denies (the theft) (denies, conceals, spends)
- च (ca) - and, also
- यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)
Words meanings and morphology
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, let it be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - violent crime (sāhasa) (violent crime, violence, rashness)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sāhasa
sāhasa - violence, rashness, intrepidity, a violent crime (often involving open force)
तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
अन्वयवत् (anvayavat) - where the perpetrator is identifiable (having a trace/connection, identifiable, with lineage)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anvayavat
anvayavat - having connection, having lineage, identifiable, consequential
Derived from 'anvaya' with the 'matup' suffix (vat form).
Note: Agrees with 'karma'.
प्रसभं (prasabhaṁ) - forcibly, with violence
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prasabha
prasabha - forcible, violent, powerful
Note: Agrees with 'karma'.
कर्म (karma) - act, deed, action
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, deed, work, (karma)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Note: Refers to 'karma'.
कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed
Past Passive Participle
Root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' (PPP suffix).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with 'karma'.
निरन्वयं (niranvayaṁ) - where the perpetrator remains unidentifiable (without trace/connection, perpetrator not identifiable)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of niranvaya
niranvaya - without lineage, without connection, without trace, perpetrator not identifiable
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+anvaya)
- nir – without, out
indeclinable - anvaya – lineage, connection, trace, succession, derivation, logical connection
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'steyaṃ'.
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
स्तेयं (steyaṁ) - theft (steya) (theft, stealing)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of steya
steya - theft, stealing
हृत्वा (hṛtvā) - having stolen, having carried away
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Root 'hṛ' (to take, steal) + 'ktvā' suffix.
Root: hṛ (class 1)
अपव्ययते (apavyayate) - conceals (the stolen item) or denies (the theft) (denies, conceals, spends)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of apavyayate
Prefixes: apa+vi
Root: i (class 2)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'bhavet steyaṃ'.