मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-400
शुल्कस्थानं परिहरन्नकाले क्रयविक्रयी ।
मिथ्यावादी च सङ्ख्याने दाप्योऽष्टगुणमत्ययम ॥४००॥
मिथ्यावादी च सङ्ख्याने दाप्योऽष्टगुणमत्ययम ॥४००॥
400. śulkasthānaṁ pariharannakāle krayavikrayī ,
mithyāvādī ca saṅkhyāne dāpyo'ṣṭaguṇamatyayam.
mithyāvādī ca saṅkhyāne dāpyo'ṣṭaguṇamatyayam.
400.
śulkasthānam pariharan akāle krayavikrayī
mithyāvādī ca saṅkhyāne dāpyaḥ aṣṭaguṇam atyayam
mithyāvādī ca saṅkhyāne dāpyaḥ aṣṭaguṇam atyayam
400.
śulkasthānam pariharan akāle krayavikrayī ca
saṅkhyāne mithyāvādī aṣṭaguṇam atyayam dāpyaḥ
saṅkhyāne mithyāvādī aṣṭaguṇam atyayam dāpyaḥ
400.
A merchant who avoids the toll station, conducts buying and selling at improper times, or speaks falsely during assessment, should be made to pay a fine eight times the original amount.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शुल्कस्थानम् (śulkasthānam) - toll station, custom house
- परिहरन् (pariharan) - avoiding (the toll station) (avoiding, circumventing, disregarding)
- अकाले (akāle) - at an improper time, out of season
- क्रयविक्रयी (krayavikrayī) - a merchant, one who buys and sells
- मिथ्यावादी (mithyāvādī) - one who speaks falsely (in calculations) (a false speaker, dishonest)
- च (ca) - and
- सङ्ख्याने (saṅkhyāne) - in calculation, in reckoning, in assessment
- दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - should be made to pay, liable to pay
- अष्टगुणम् (aṣṭaguṇam) - eightfold, eight times
- अत्ययम् (atyayam) - fine, penalty, transgression
Words meanings and morphology
शुल्कस्थानम् (śulkasthānam) - toll station, custom house
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śulkasthāna
śulkasthāna - toll station, custom house
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śulka+sthāna)
- śulka – toll, tax, duty
noun (masculine) - sthāna – place, station, location
noun (neuter)
derived from √sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Object of pariharan.
परिहरन् (pariharan) - avoiding (the toll station) (avoiding, circumventing, disregarding)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pariharat
pariharat - avoiding, leaving out, escaping, shunning
Present Active Participle
from √hṛ 'to take, carry' with pari
Prefix: pari
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies krayavikrayī.
अकाले (akāle) - at an improper time, out of season
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of akāla
akāla - improper time, unseasonable time
Negative tatpuruṣa compound (a- + kāla)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāla)
- a – not, non-, un-
prefix
negative prefix - kāla – time, season
noun (masculine)
Note: Modifies the act of krayavikrayī.
क्रयविक्रयी (krayavikrayī) - a merchant, one who buys and sells
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of krayavikrayin
krayavikrayin - merchant, trader, one who buys and sells
derived from krayavikraya (dvandva compound of kraya and vikraya) + -in suffix
Note: Subject of the implied action for which he is fined.
मिथ्यावादी (mithyāvādī) - one who speaks falsely (in calculations) (a false speaker, dishonest)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mithyāvādin
mithyāvādin - speaking falsely, liar, dishonest
derived from mithyāvāda (compound: mithyā + vāda) + -in suffix
Note: Qualifies krayavikrayī.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the conditions.
सङ्ख्याने (saṅkhyāne) - in calculation, in reckoning, in assessment
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhyāna
saṅkhyāna - calculation, reckoning, enumeration, assessment
from √khyā with saṃ
Prefix: sam
Root: khyā (class 2)
Note: Specifies the domain of false speaking.
दाप्यः (dāpyaḥ) - should be made to pay, liable to pay
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dāpya
dāpya - to be made to give, to be caused to pay, liable to pay
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
derived from the causative of √dā 'to give'
Root: dā (class 1)
Note: Refers to krayavikrayī.
अष्टगुणम् (aṣṭaguṇam) - eightfold, eight times
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭaguṇa
aṣṭaguṇa - eightfold, eight times
Dvigu compound (aṣṭa + guṇa)
Compound type : dvigu (aṣṭa+guṇa)
- aṣṭa – eight
numeral - guṇa – quality, multiple, factor
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the magnitude of the fine.
अत्ययम् (atyayam) - fine, penalty, transgression
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of atyaya
atyaya - transgression, offense, fine, penalty
from √i 'to go' with ati + a
Prefix: ati
Root: i (class 2)
Note: The object of payment.