मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-415
ध्वजाहृतो भक्तदासो गृहजः क्रीतदत्त्रिमौ ।
पैत्रिको दण्डदासश्च सप्तैते दासयोनयः ॥४१५॥
पैत्रिको दण्डदासश्च सप्तैते दासयोनयः ॥४१५॥
415. dhvajāhṛto bhaktadāso gṛhajaḥ krītadattrimau ,
paitriko daṇḍadāsaśca saptaite dāsayonayaḥ.
paitriko daṇḍadāsaśca saptaite dāsayonayaḥ.
415.
dhvajāhṛtaḥ bhaktadāsaḥ gṛhajaḥ krītadattrimau
paitrikaḥ daṇḍadāsaḥ ca sapta ete dāsayonayaḥ
paitrikaḥ daṇḍadāsaḥ ca sapta ete dāsayonayaḥ
415.
dhvajāhṛtaḥ bhaktadāsaḥ gṛhajaḥ krītadattrimau
paitrikaḥ ca daṇḍadāsaḥ ete sapta dāsayonayaḥ
paitrikaḥ ca daṇḍadāsaḥ ete sapta dāsayonayaḥ
415.
A war-captive, a slave for food, a house-born slave, one who is bought, one who is given, a hereditary slave, and one enslaved due to punishment or debt—these seven are considered the sources of servitude (dāsya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ध्वजाहृतः (dhvajāhṛtaḥ) - captured by the flag (in war), war-captive
- भक्तदासः (bhaktadāsaḥ) - slave for food, one who serves for sustenance
- गृहजः (gṛhajaḥ) - house-born slave, one born in the house
- क्रीतदत्त्रिमौ (krītadattrimau) - a bought one and a given one (dual)
- पैत्रिकः (paitrikaḥ) - a hereditary slave (hereditary, ancestral, paternal)
- दण्डदासः (daṇḍadāsaḥ) - a slave for punishment/debt, one condemned to servitude
- च (ca) - and
- सप्त (sapta) - seven
- एते (ete) - these
- दासयोनयः (dāsayonayaḥ) - sources/types of slaves/servitude
Words meanings and morphology
ध्वजाहृतः (dhvajāhṛtaḥ) - captured by the flag (in war), war-captive
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dhvajāhṛta
dhvajāhṛta - captured by the flag (i.e., in battle), war-captive
compound: dhvaja (flag) + āhṛta (brought, seized)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhvaja+āhṛta)
- dhvaja – flag, banner, mark
noun (masculine) - āhṛta – brought, seized, captured
adjective
Past Passive Participle
from ā-√hṛ (to bring, seize)
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
भक्तदासः (bhaktadāsaḥ) - slave for food, one who serves for sustenance
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhaktadāsa
bhaktadāsa - a slave who serves for food/sustenance, one who becomes a servant for food
compound: bhakta (food) + dāsa (servant)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhakta+dāsa)
- bhakta – food, sustenance; devoted
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from √bhaj (to divide, partake, worship), participle used as noun
Root: bhaj (class 1) - dāsa – servant, slave
noun (masculine)
गृहजः (gṛhajaḥ) - house-born slave, one born in the house
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhaja
gṛhaja - born in the house, house-born (referring to a slave)
compound: gṛha (house) + ja (born)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+ja)
- gṛha – house, home
noun (neuter) - ja – born, produced from, originating from
adjective
from √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
क्रीतदत्त्रिमौ (krītadattrimau) - a bought one and a given one (dual)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of krītadattrima
krītadattrima - a bought person and a given person (as slaves)
Dvandva compound of krīta (bought) and dattrima (given)
Compound type : dvandva (krīta+dattrima)
- krīta – bought, purchased
adjective
Past Passive Participle
from √krī (to buy)
Root: krī (class 9) - dattrima – given, adopted (as a son or slave)
adjective
secondary derivative
from √dā (to give) with -trima suffix
Root: dā (class 3)
पैत्रिकः (paitrikaḥ) - a hereditary slave (hereditary, ancestral, paternal)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of paitrika
paitrika - hereditary, ancestral, paternal, belonging to a father
derived from pitṛ (father) with -ika suffix
Note: Refers to a hereditary slave
दण्डदासः (daṇḍadāsaḥ) - a slave for punishment/debt, one condemned to servitude
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍadāsa
daṇḍadāsa - a slave condemned to servitude as a punishment, a slave for debt
compound: daṇḍa (punishment, fine) + dāsa (servant)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+dāsa)
- daṇḍa – rod, stick, staff, punishment, fine
noun (masculine) - dāsa – servant, slave
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
सप्त (sapta) - seven
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with ete and dāsayonayaḥ
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Agrees with dāsayonayaḥ
दासयोनयः (dāsayonayaḥ) - sources/types of slaves/servitude
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dāsayoni
dāsayoni - source/origin of a slave; type of servitude
compound: dāsa (slave) + yoni (origin, source, type)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāsa+yoni)
- dāsa – servant, slave
noun (masculine) - yoni – origin, source, womb, type, class
noun (feminine)