मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-270
एकजातिर्द्विजातींस्तु वाचा दारुणया क्षिपन ।
जिह्वायाः प्राप्नुयाच्छेदं जघन्यप्रभवो हि सः ॥२७०॥
जिह्वायाः प्राप्नुयाच्छेदं जघन्यप्रभवो हि सः ॥२७०॥
270. ekajātirdvijātīṁstu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan ,
jihvāyāḥ prāpnuyācchedaṁ jaghanyaprabhavo hi saḥ.
jihvāyāḥ prāpnuyācchedaṁ jaghanyaprabhavo hi saḥ.
270.
ekajātiḥ dvijātīn tu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan jihvāyāḥ
prāpnuyāt chedam jaghanyaprabhavaḥ hi saḥ
prāpnuyāt chedam jaghanyaprabhavaḥ hi saḥ
270.
saḥ hi ekajātiḥ jaghanyaprabhavaḥ दारुणया वाचा द्विजातीन् क्षिपन्,
जिह्वायाः छेदम् प्राप्नुयात् तु।
जिह्वायाः छेदम् प्राप्नुयात् तु।
270.
If a man of a single birth (śūdra), born from a lower origin, reviles the twice-born with harsh words, he should have his tongue cut off.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एकजातिः (ekajātiḥ) - a man of a single birth, a śūdra
- द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)
- तु (tu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
- वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words, with utterance
- दारुणया (dāruṇayā) - by harsh, by cruel, by severe
- क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - abusing, reviling, throwing, casting
- जिह्वायाः (jihvāyāḥ) - of the tongue
- प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - he should obtain, he should get, he would incur
- छेदम् (chedam) - cutting, amputation, severance
- जघन्यप्रभवः (jaghanyaprabhavaḥ) - born from a lower part, of low origin, a śūdra
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
Words meanings and morphology
एकजातिः (ekajātiḥ) - a man of a single birth, a śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ekajāti
ekajāti - one who is born once, a śūdra (as opposed to dvija, twice-born)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+jāti)
- eka – one, single, alone
adjective - jāti – birth, origin, species, class
noun (feminine)
From root jan- (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born, a member of the three upper varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - jāti – birth, origin, species, class
noun (feminine)
From root jan- (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
तु (tu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words, with utterance
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc
vāc - speech, word, voice, utterance
From root vac- (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
दारुणया (dāruṇayā) - by harsh, by cruel, by severe
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of dāruṇa
dāruṇa - harsh, cruel, severe, dreadful
Note: Agrees with `vācā`.
क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - abusing, reviling, throwing, casting
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣipat
kṣipat - throwing, casting, abusing, reviling
Present Active Participle
Derived from root kṣip- with the -śatṛ suffix.
Root: kṣip (class 6)
Note: Agrees with `ekajātiḥ` / `saḥ`.
जिह्वायाः (jihvāyāḥ) - of the tongue
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of jihvā
jihvā - tongue
प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - he should obtain, he should get, he would incur
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prāpnuyāt
Optative mood, 3rd person singular
From root āp- (to obtain) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
छेदम् (chedam) - cutting, amputation, severance
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of cheda
cheda - cutting, breaking, severance, amputation
Derived from root chid- (to cut).
Root: chid (class 7)
Note: Object of `prāpnuyāt`.
जघन्यप्रभवः (jaghanyaprabhavaḥ) - born from a lower part, of low origin, a śūdra
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jaghanyaprabhava
jaghanyaprabhava - born from the hinder part (thighs, according to Puruṣasūkta for śūdra), of low origin, a śūdra
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jaghanya+prabhava)
- jaghanya – hinder part, posterior, lowest, worst
noun (neuter) - prabhava – origin, source, birth, rise
noun (masculine)
From prefix pra- and root bhū- (to be, to arise).
Prefix: pra
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `ekajātiḥ` / `saḥ`.
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to `ekajātiḥ`.