मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-294
प्राजकश्चेद भवेदाप्तः प्राजको दण्डमर्हति ।
युग्यस्थाः प्राजकेऽनाप्ते सर्वे दण्ड्याः शतं शतम ॥२९४॥
युग्यस्थाः प्राजकेऽनाप्ते सर्वे दण्ड्याः शतं शतम ॥२९४॥
294. prājakaśced bhavedāptaḥ prājako daṇḍamarhati ,
yugyasthāḥ prājake'nāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ śataṁ śatam.
yugyasthāḥ prājake'nāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ śataṁ śatam.
294.
prājakaḥ ced bhavet āptaḥ prājakaḥ daṇḍam arhati |
yugyasthāḥ prājake anāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ śatam śatam
yugyasthāḥ prājake anāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ śatam śatam
294.
cet prājakaḥ āptaḥ bhavet,
(tadā) prājakaḥ daṇḍam arhati.
(yadi) prājake anāpte (sati),
yugyasthāḥ sarve śatam śatam daṇḍyāḥ.
(tadā) prājakaḥ daṇḍam arhati.
(yadi) prājake anāpte (sati),
yugyasthāḥ sarve śatam śatam daṇḍyāḥ.
294.
If the driver is trustworthy, he (the driver) deserves punishment (in case of an accident). If the driver is untrustworthy, all those seated in the vehicle are punishable by a hundred (panas) each.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्राजकः (prājakaḥ) - driver, charioteer
- चेद् (ced) - if
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, might be, may be
- आप्तः (āptaḥ) - trustworthy, competent, reliable
- प्राजकः (prājakaḥ) - driver, charioteer
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine, staff
- अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought
- युग्यस्थाः (yugyasthāḥ) - those seated in the vehicle, passengers
- प्राजके (prājake) - in the driver, regarding the driver
- अनाप्ते (anāpte) - untrustworthy, incompetent
- सर्वे (sarve) - all
- दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - punishable, liable to punishment
- शतम् (śatam) - a fine of a hundred (panas/coins) (a hundred)
- शतम् (śatam) - a fine of a hundred (panas/coins) each (a hundred)
Words meanings and morphology
प्राजकः (prājakaḥ) - driver, charioteer
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prājaka
prājaka - driver, charioteer, one who drives
Derived from pra-aj (to drive forth)
Prefix: pra
Root: aj (class 1)
चेद् (ced) - if
(indeclinable)
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, might be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
आप्तः (āptaḥ) - trustworthy, competent, reliable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āpta
āpta - trustworthy, reliable, competent, obtained, reached
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root āp (to obtain) with suffix -kta.
Root: āp (class 5)
प्राजकः (prājakaḥ) - driver, charioteer
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prājaka
prājaka - driver, charioteer, one who drives
Derived from pra-aj (to drive forth)
Prefix: pra
Root: aj (class 1)
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, fine, staff
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, fine, penalty
अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh
Root: arh (class 1)
युग्यस्थाः (yugyasthāḥ) - those seated in the vehicle, passengers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yugyastha
yugyastha - seated in a chariot/carriage/vehicle
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yugya+stha)
- yugya – fit for a yoke, yoked, a carriage, vehicle
noun (neuter)
Root: yuj (class 7) - stha – standing, situated, being in
adjective (masculine)
Derived from root sthā (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
प्राजके (prājake) - in the driver, regarding the driver
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of prājaka
prājaka - driver, charioteer, one who drives
Derived from pra-aj (to drive forth)
Prefix: pra
Root: aj (class 1)
अनाप्ते (anāpte) - untrustworthy, incompetent
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of anāpta
anāpta - untrustworthy, not reliable, incompetent
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+āpta)
- na – not, un-
indeclinable - āpta – trustworthy, reliable, competent, obtained, reached
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root āp (to obtain) with suffix -kta.
Root: āp (class 5)
सर्वे (sarve) - all
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
दण्ड्याः (daṇḍyāḥ) - punishable, liable to punishment
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, to be punished, liable to a fine
Gerundive
Formed from the root daṇḍ (to punish) with the suffix -ya.
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
शतम् (śatam) - a fine of a hundred (panas/coins) (a hundred)
(numeral)
शतम् (śatam) - a fine of a hundred (panas/coins) each (a hundred)
(numeral)
Note: Repetition implies 'each' or 'for each'.