मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-390
आश्रमेषु द्विजातीनां कार्ये विवदतां मिथः ।
न विब्रूयान्नृपो धर्मं चिकीर्षन हितमात्मनः ॥३९०॥
न विब्रूयान्नृपो धर्मं चिकीर्षन हितमात्मनः ॥३९०॥
390. āśrameṣu dvijātīnāṁ kārye vivadatāṁ mithaḥ ,
na vibrūyānnṛpo dharmaṁ cikīrṣan hitamātmanaḥ.
na vibrūyānnṛpo dharmaṁ cikīrṣan hitamātmanaḥ.
390.
āśrameṣu dvijātīnām kārye vivadatām mithaḥ | na
vibrūyāt nṛpaḥ dharmam cikīrṣan hitam ātmanaḥ
vibrūyāt nṛpaḥ dharmam cikīrṣan hitam ātmanaḥ
390.
nṛpaḥ ātmanaḥ hitam cikīrṣan āśrameṣu dvijātīnām
kārye mithaḥ vivadatām dharmam na vibrūyāt
kārye mithaḥ vivadatām dharmam na vibrūyāt
390.
A king, who desires his own welfare (ātman), should not declare the law (dharma) when members of the twice-born (dvija) classes are disputing amongst themselves over an issue in their hermitages.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in their hermitages or spiritual abodes (in hermitages, in dwellings, in stages of life)
- द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the members of the twice-born (dvija) classes (of the twice-born, of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas)
- कार्ये (kārye) - concerning an issue or matter (in a matter, in an affair, in a task, in a duty)
- विवदताम् (vivadatām) - of those disputing, of those arguing
- मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, among themselves, reciprocally
- न (na) - not, no
- विब्रूयात् (vibrūyāt) - should pronounce (the law) (should declare, should state, should pronounce)
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the law or code of conduct (law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature)
- चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - desiring to do, intending to do
- हितम् (hitam) - his own welfare (welfare, benefit, good)
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own (of the self, of oneself, of the soul)
Words meanings and morphology
आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in their hermitages or spiritual abodes (in hermitages, in dwellings, in stages of life)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama
āśrama - hermitage, dwelling, a stage of life (e.g., student, householder)
From root śram (to toil, exert) with prefix ā, and suffix ghaÑ.
Prefix: ā
Root: śram (class 4)
द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the members of the twice-born (dvija) classes (of the twice-born, of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after their Upanayana ceremony)
Compound of dvi (twice) and jāti (born).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - jāti – birth, lineage, class
noun (feminine)
From root jan (to be born) + ti suffix.
Root: jan (class 4)
कार्ये (kārye) - concerning an issue or matter (in a matter, in an affair, in a task, in a duty)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of kārya
kārya - work, affair, business, duty, what is to be done
Gerundive
From root kṛ (to do) + ṇyat suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
विवदताम् (vivadatām) - of those disputing, of those arguing
(participle)
Genitive, masculine, plural of vivadat
vivadat - disputing, arguing, quarreling
Present active participle
From root vad (to speak) with prefix vi, + śatṛ suffix.
Prefix: vi
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Shares gender, number, case with dvijātīnām.
मिथः (mithaḥ) - mutually, among themselves, reciprocally
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
विब्रूयात् (vibrūyāt) - should pronounce (the law) (should declare, should state, should pronounce)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vibrū
optative mood
From root brū (to speak) with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: brū (class 2)
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men
Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)
- nṛ – man, human being
noun (masculine) - pa – protector, guardian
noun (masculine)
From root pā (to protect) + ka suffix.
Root: pā (class 2)
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the law or code of conduct (law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential nature, natural law
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support) + man suffix.
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - desiring to do, intending to do
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of cikīrṣat
cikīrṣat - desiring to do
Present active participle (desiderative stem)
Desiderative of root kṛ (to do) + śatṛ suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Modifies nṛpaḥ.
हितम् (hitam) - his own welfare (welfare, benefit, good)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of hita
hita - beneficial, salutary, good, welfare, benefit
Past passive participle
From root dhā (to place, set) + kta suffix. Often used as a noun meaning 'welfare'.
Root: dhā (class 3)
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own (of the self, of oneself, of the soul)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self, essential nature
Note: Used reflexively, indicating 'his own'.