मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-258
साक्ष्यभावे तु चत्वारो ग्रामाः सामन्तवासिनः ।
सीमाविनिर्णयं कुर्युः प्रयता राजसंनिधौ ॥२५८॥
सीमाविनिर्णयं कुर्युः प्रयता राजसंनिधौ ॥२५८॥
258. sākṣyabhāve tu catvāro grāmāḥ sāmantavāsinaḥ ,
sīmāvinirṇayaṁ kuryuḥ prayatā rājasaṁnidhau.
sīmāvinirṇayaṁ kuryuḥ prayatā rājasaṁnidhau.
258.
sākṣyābhāve tu catvāraḥ grāmāḥ sāmantavāsinaḥ
sīmāvinirṇayam kuryuḥ prayatāḥ rājasaṃnidhau
sīmāvinirṇayam kuryuḥ prayatāḥ rājasaṃnidhau
258.
sākṣyābhāve tu catvāraḥ grāmāḥ sāmantavāsinaḥ
prayatāḥ rājasaṃnidhau sīmāvinirṇayam kuryuḥ
prayatāḥ rājasaṃnidhau sīmāvinirṇayam kuryuḥ
258.
In the absence of witnesses, the residents of four neighboring villages should carefully determine the boundary in the presence of the king.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- साक्ष्याभावे (sākṣyābhāve) - in the absence of specific witnesses (in the absence of witnesses, without proof)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four (villages) (four)
- ग्रामाः (grāmāḥ) - villages
- सामन्तवासिनः (sāmantavāsinaḥ) - residents of neighboring areas, border dwellers
- सीमाविनिर्णयम् (sīmāvinirṇayam) - decision about the boundary, boundary settlement
- कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they should determine (the boundary) (they should do, they should make)
- प्रयताः (prayatāḥ) - carefully, with focused attention (attentive, careful, self-controlled)
- राजसंनिधौ (rājasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of the king
Words meanings and morphology
साक्ष्याभावे (sākṣyābhāve) - in the absence of specific witnesses (in the absence of witnesses, without proof)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sākṣyābhāva
sākṣyābhāva - absence of witnesses, lack of proof
Compound type : tatpurusha (sākṣya+abhāva)
- sākṣya – witness, testimony, evidence
noun (neuter) - abhāva – absence, non-existence, lack
noun (masculine)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four (villages) (four)
(numeral adjective)
Note: The word form catvāro is catvāraḥ with sandhi.
ग्रामाः (grāmāḥ) - villages
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of grāma
grāma - village, hamlet, community
सामन्तवासिनः (sāmantavāsinaḥ) - residents of neighboring areas, border dwellers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sāmantavāsin
sāmantavāsin - neighboring resident, border dweller
Compound type : tatpurusha (sāmanta+vāsin)
- sāmanta – neighboring, bordering; a neighbor
adjective (masculine) - vāsin – dweller, resident; dwelling
noun (masculine)
Derived from root vas (to dwell) with suffix -in
Root: vas (class 2)
Note: Refers to the residents of the neighboring villages.
सीमाविनिर्णयम् (sīmāvinirṇayam) - decision about the boundary, boundary settlement
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sīmāvinirṇaya
sīmāvinirṇaya - determination of a boundary, boundary decision
Compound type : tatpurusha (sīmā+vinirṇaya)
- sīmā – boundary, border, limit
noun (feminine) - vinirṇaya – decision, determination, ascertainment
noun (masculine)
Derived from root nī with upasargas vi and nir
Prefixes: vi+nir
Root: ṇī (class 1)
कुर्युः (kuryuḥ) - they should determine (the boundary) (they should do, they should make)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
optative mood, third person, plural
Parasmaipada
Root: kṛ (class 8)
प्रयताः (prayatāḥ) - carefully, with focused attention (attentive, careful, self-controlled)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of prayatā
prayatā - attentive, careful, restrained, pure
Past Passive Participle
From pra-yam (to restrain, control)
Prefix: pra
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: It agrees with grāmāḥ and sāmantavāsinaḥ.
राजसंनिधौ (rājasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of the king
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of rājasaṃnidhi
rājasaṁnidhi - proximity of the king, presence of the king
Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+saṃnidhi)
- rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine) - saṃnidhi – proximity, presence, nearness
noun (masculine)
Derived from root dhā with upasargas sam and ni
Prefixes: sam+ni
Root: dhā (class 3)