मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-413
शूद्रं तु कारयेद दास्यं क्रीतमक्रीतमेव वा ।
दास्यायैव हि सृष्टोऽसौ ब्राह्मणस्य स्वयंभुवा ॥४१३॥
दास्यायैव हि सृष्टोऽसौ ब्राह्मणस्य स्वयंभुवा ॥४१३॥
413. śūdraṁ tu kārayed dāsyaṁ krītamakrītameva vā ,
dāsyāyaiva hi sṛṣṭo'sau brāhmaṇasya svayaṁbhuvā.
dāsyāyaiva hi sṛṣṭo'sau brāhmaṇasya svayaṁbhuvā.
413.
śūdram tu kārayet dāsyam krītam akrītam eva vā
dāsyāya eva hi sṛṣṭaḥ asau brāhmaṇasya svayaṃbhuvā
dāsyāya eva hi sṛṣṭaḥ asau brāhmaṇasya svayaṃbhuvā
413.
tu śūdram krītam akrītam eva vā dāsyam kārayet hi
asau brāhmaṇasya dāsyāya eva svayaṃbhuvā sṛṣṭaḥ
asau brāhmaṇasya dāsyāya eva svayaṃbhuvā sṛṣṭaḥ
413.
But one should make a śūdra perform servitude, whether he is bought or not bought. For he (the śūdra) was indeed created solely for the servitude of a brāhmaṇa by the Self-existent (Brahmā).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a śūdra (member of the laboring class)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
- दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service, slavery
- क्रीतम् (krītam) - bought, purchased
- अक्रीतम् (akrītam) - unbought, not purchased
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, even
- वा (vā) - or
- दास्याय (dāsyāya) - for servitude, for service
- एव (eva) - solely for (only, indeed, just, even)
- हि (hi) - for (as a causal conjunction) (indeed, surely, for, because)
- सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created, produced, fashioned
- असौ (asau) - he (the śūdra) (he, this one, that one (masculine nominative singular))
- ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa
- स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by the Self-existent, by Brahmā
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a śūdra (member of the laboring class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a man of the fourth class (laboring class)
Note: Object of kārayet.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
particle
कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
causative optative
Causative stem kāray + optative ending.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Implied subject is 'one' (e.g., a master).
दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service, slavery
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dāsya
dāsya - servitude, slavery, service
From dāsa (servant) + ya suffix.
Note: Object of kārayet
क्रीतम् (krītam) - bought, purchased
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of krīta
krīta - bought, purchased, acquired
past passive participle
From root krī (to buy) + kta suffix.
Root: krī (class 9)
अक्रीतम् (akrītam) - unbought, not purchased
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of akrīta
akrīta - unbought, not purchased, unacquired
past passive participle (negative)
From a (negation) + krīta (bought).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+krīta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - krīta – bought, purchased
participle (masculine)
past passive participle
From root krī (to buy)
Root: krī (class 9)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, even
(indeclinable)
particle
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
conjunction
Note: Connects krītam and akrītam.
दास्याय (dāsyāya) - for servitude, for service
(noun)
Dative, neuter, singular of dāsya
dāsya - servitude, slavery, service
From dāsa (servant) + ya suffix.
एव (eva) - solely for (only, indeed, just, even)
(indeclinable)
particle
Note: Emphasizes the purpose.
हि (hi) - for (as a causal conjunction) (indeed, surely, for, because)
(indeclinable)
particle
सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created, produced, fashioned
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sṛṣṭa
sṛṣṭa - created, produced, manifested, formed
past passive participle
From root sṛj (to create, emit) + kta suffix.
Root: sṛj (class 6)
असौ (asau) - he (the śūdra) (he, this one, that one (masculine nominative singular))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adas
adas - this, that (referring to something distant or pointed out)
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Subject of the clause sṛṣṭaḥ asau.
ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brāhmaṇa
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a man of the first class (priest, scholar)
From brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge)
Note: Qualifies dāsyāya.
स्वयंभुवा (svayaṁbhuvā) - by the Self-existent, by Brahmā
(proper noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of svayaṃbhu
svayaṁbhu - Self-existent, self-produced, a name of Brahmā
Compound of svayam (self) and bhū (being, existing).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svayam+bhū)
- svayam – oneself, by oneself, spontaneously
indeclinable
Adverbial form. - bhū – being, existence, earth
noun (feminine)
From root bhū (to be)
Root: bhū (class 1)