मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-411
क्षत्रियं चैव वैश्यं च ब्राह्मणो वृत्तिकर्शितौ ।
बिभृयादानृशंस्येन स्वानि कर्माणि कारयेत ॥४११॥
बिभृयादानृशंस्येन स्वानि कर्माणि कारयेत ॥४११॥
411. kṣatriyaṁ caiva vaiśyaṁ ca brāhmaṇo vṛttikarśitau ,
bibhṛyādānṛśaṁsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet.
bibhṛyādānṛśaṁsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet.
411.
kṣatriyam ca eva vaiśyam ca brāhmaṇaḥ vṛttikarśitau
bibhṛyāt ānṛśaṃsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet
bibhṛyāt ānṛśaṃsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet
411.
vṛttikarśitau kṣatriyam ca eva vaiśyam ca brāhmaṇaḥ
ānṛśaṃsyena bibhṛyāt svāni karmāṇi kārayet
ānṛśaṃsyena bibhṛyāt svāni karmāṇi kārayet
411.
If a kṣatriya and a vaiśya are distressed in livelihood, a brāhmaṇa should maintain them with kindness and make them perform their (own) prescribed duties (karma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruler class)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, even
- वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
- च (ca) - and
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
- वृत्तिकर्शितौ (vṛttikarśitau) - distressed in livelihood, impoverished
- बिभृयात् (bibhṛyāt) - should maintain, should support, should bear
- आनृशंस्येन (ānṛśaṁsyena) - with kindness, without cruelty, compassionately
- स्वानि (svāni) - their own (referring to kṣatriya's and vaiśya's duties) (one's own)
- कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - prescribed duties (actions, deeds, duties, rites)
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
Words meanings and morphology
क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruler class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a man of the second class (warrior, ruler)
From kṣatra (rule, dominion)
Note: Object of bibhṛyāt
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
conjunction
एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, even
(indeclinable)
particle
वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man of the third class (merchant, farmer, cattle-breeder)
Derivation from viś (people, settlement)
Note: Object of bibhṛyāt
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
conjunction
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a man of the first class (priest, scholar)
From brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge)
Note: Subject of bibhṛyāt and kārayet
वृत्तिकर्शितौ (vṛttikarśitau) - distressed in livelihood, impoverished
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛttikarśita
vṛttikarśita - distressed in livelihood, impoverished
Compound
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+karśita)
- vṛtti – livelihood, profession, conduct, existence
noun (feminine)
From root vṛt (to be, to exist)
Root: vṛt (class 1) - karśita – emaciated, weakened, distressed, reduced
adjective (masculine)
past passive participle
From root kṛś (to make thin, weaken)
Root: kṛś (class 1)
Note: Adjective for kṣatriyam and vaiśyam.
बिभृयात् (bibhṛyāt) - should maintain, should support, should bear
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhṛ
optative
Reduplicated root bhṛ (3rd class) + optative ending.
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
आनृशंस्येन (ānṛśaṁsyena) - with kindness, without cruelty, compassionately
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya
ānṛśaṁsya - kindness, compassion, humanity, absence of cruelty
From anṛśaṃsa (not cruel) + ya suffix.
स्वानि (svāni) - their own (referring to kṣatriya's and vaiśya's duties) (one's own)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of sva
sva - own, one's own
Note: Agrees with karmāṇi.
कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - prescribed duties (actions, deeds, duties, rites)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, duty, fate (karma)
From root kṛ (to do) + man suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of the causative verb kārayet
कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
causative optative
Causative stem kāray + optative ending.
Root: kṛ (class 8)