मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-231
गोपः क्षीरभृतो यस्तु स दुह्याद दशतो वराम ।
गोस्वाम्यनुमते भृत्यः सा स्यात पालेऽभृते भृतिः ॥२३१॥
गोस्वाम्यनुमते भृत्यः सा स्यात पालेऽभृते भृतिः ॥२३१॥
231. gopaḥ kṣīrabhṛto yastu sa duhyād daśato varām ,
gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt pāle'bhṛte bhṛtiḥ.
gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt pāle'bhṛte bhṛtiḥ.
231.
gopaḥ kṣīrabhṛtaḥ yaḥ tu saḥ duhyāt daśataḥ varām
gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt pāle abhṛte bhṛtiḥ
gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt pāle abhṛte bhṛtiḥ
231.
yaḥ gopaḥ tu kṣīrabhṛtaḥ saḥ daśataḥ varām duhyāt
bhṛtyaḥ gosvāmyanumate abhṛte pāle sā bhṛtiḥ syāt
bhṛtyaḥ gosvāmyanumate abhṛte pāle sā bhṛtiḥ syāt
231.
Indeed, a herdsman whose wages are milk should milk the yield of one animal out of every ten. This, if the servant is appointed with the cow-owner's permission, should be the remuneration for the herdsman who is not otherwise paid.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- गोपः (gopaḥ) - a herdsman (herdsman, cowherd, protector of cows)
- क्षीरभृतः (kṣīrabhṛtaḥ) - whose wages are milk (maintained by milk, paid with milk, fed with milk)
- यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
- दुह्यात् (duhyāt) - should milk (should milk, would milk)
- दशतः (daśataḥ) - out of ten (animals) (from ten, of ten)
- वराम् (varām) - one (animal/yield of one animal) (one (feminine), excellent (feminine), best (feminine))
- गोस्वाम्यनुमते (gosvāmyanumate) - with the cow-owner's permission (with the permission of the cow-owner)
- भृत्यः (bhṛtyaḥ) - a servant (the herdsman) (servant, hired laborer)
- सा (sā) - that (referring to the yield of one animal) (she, that (feminine))
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, would be, may be)
- पाले (pāle) - for the herdsman (for the protector, on the herdsman)
- अभृते (abhṛte) - if he is not otherwise paid (unmaintained, unpaid, without wages)
- भृतिः (bhṛtiḥ) - remuneration, wage (wages, payment, remuneration, maintenance)
Words meanings and morphology
गोपः (gopaḥ) - a herdsman (herdsman, cowherd, protector of cows)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of gopa
gopa - herdsman, cowherd, protector of cows
From 'go' (cow) + 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
क्षीरभृतः (kṣīrabhṛtaḥ) - whose wages are milk (maintained by milk, paid with milk, fed with milk)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīrabhṛta
kṣīrabhṛta - maintained by milk, paid with milk, fed with milk
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'kṣīra' (milk) and 'bhṛta' (borne, maintained, paid). 'Bhṛta' is PPP of 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣīra+bhṛta)
- kṣīra – milk
noun (neuter) - bhṛta – borne, supported, maintained, paid
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root 'bhṛ'
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Adjective qualifying 'gopaḥ'.
यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
Note: Relative pronoun.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - he, she, it, that
Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.
दुह्यात् (duhyāt) - should milk (should milk, would milk)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of duh
Root: duh (class 2)
दशतः (daśataḥ) - out of ten (animals) (from ten, of ten)
(numeral)
Note: Used here in ablative to indicate 'out of'.
वराम् (varām) - one (animal/yield of one animal) (one (feminine), excellent (feminine), best (feminine))
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of varā
varā - one, best, excellent (feminine)
Feminine form of 'vara'
Note: Refers to 'one cow's yield' or simply 'one (portion)'.
गोस्वाम्यनुमते (gosvāmyanumate) - with the cow-owner's permission (with the permission of the cow-owner)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of gosvāmyanumata
gosvāmyanumata - with the permission of the cow-owner
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'gosvāmin' (cow-owner) and 'anumata' (permitted, consented). 'Anumata' is PPP of 'anu-man' (to permit).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gosvāmin+anumata)
- gosvāmin – cow-owner, cattle-owner
noun (masculine)
Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'svāmin' (owner) - anumata – permitted, consented, approved
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root 'man' with upasarga 'anu'
Prefix: anu
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Qualifies an implied 'bhṛtye' (servant in locative) or taken as an absolute locative expressing condition.
भृत्यः (bhṛtyaḥ) - a servant (the herdsman) (servant, hired laborer)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛtya
bhṛtya - servant, hired laborer, one to be supported/maintained
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
Gerundive of 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Refers to the herdsman as a servant.
सा (sā) - that (referring to the yield of one animal) (she, that (feminine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - she, that
Note: Refers back to 'varām' (one part/yield).
स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, would be, may be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Root: as (class 2)
पाले (pāle) - for the herdsman (for the protector, on the herdsman)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - protector, guardian, herdsman, keeper
From root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: Used here in the sense of 'for' or 'in the case of' the herdsman.
अभृते (abhṛte) - if he is not otherwise paid (unmaintained, unpaid, without wages)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of abhṛta
abhṛta - unmaintained, unpaid, not supported
Past Passive Participle (negative)
Negative particle 'a' + 'bhṛta' (PPP of 'bhṛ' - to bear, maintain)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhṛta)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable - bhṛta – borne, supported, maintained, paid
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root 'bhṛ'
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Qualifies 'pāle', indicating the condition of the herdsman.
भृतिः (bhṛtiḥ) - remuneration, wage (wages, payment, remuneration, maintenance)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhṛti
bhṛti - wages, payment, remuneration, maintenance
From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, maintain)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)