मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-341
द्विजोऽध्वगः क्षीणवृत्तिर्द्वाविक्षू द्वे च मूलके ।
आददानः परक्षेत्रात्न दण्डं दातुमर्हति ॥३४१॥
आददानः परक्षेत्रात्न दण्डं दातुमर्हति ॥३४१॥
341. dvijo'dhvagaḥ kṣīṇavṛttirdvāvikṣū dve ca mūlake ,
ādadānaḥ parakṣetrātna daṇḍaṁ dātumarhati.
ādadānaḥ parakṣetrātna daṇḍaṁ dātumarhati.
341.
dvijaḥ adhvagaḥ kṣīṇavṛttiḥ dvau ikṣū dve ca
mūlake ādādānaḥ parakṣetrāt na daṇḍam dātum arhati
mūlake ādādānaḥ parakṣetrāt na daṇḍam dātum arhati
341.
dvijaḥ adhvagaḥ kṣīṇavṛttiḥ parakṣetrāt dvau ikṣū
ca dve mūlake ādādānaḥ daṇḍam dātum na arhati
ca dve mūlake ādādānaḥ daṇḍam dātum na arhati
341.
A twice-born (dvija) traveler with a depleted livelihood, if he takes two sugarcanes and two radishes from another's field, he does not deserve punishment.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin)
- अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - a traveler (a traveler, wayfarer)
- क्षीणवृत्तिः (kṣīṇavṛttiḥ) - whose livelihood is depleted (one whose livelihood is diminished/exhausted)
- द्वौ (dvau) - two (two (masculine/feminine dual nominative/accusative))
- इक्षू (ikṣū) - two sugarcanes
- द्वे (dve) - two (two (feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- मूलके (mūlake) - two radishes (two radishes, two roots)
- आदादानः (ādādānaḥ) - if he takes (taking, receiving)
- परक्षेत्रात् (parakṣetrāt) - from another's field
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment (punishment, staff, fine)
- दातुम् (dātum) - to be given (punishment) (to give, to grant)
- अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves (he deserves, is worthy, is able)
Words meanings and morphology
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after initiation; also bird, tooth, snake)
Compound dvi (twice) + ja (born).
Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - ja – born, produced from
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
From root jan (to be born) + ḍa suffix
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to a Brahmin.
अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - a traveler (a traveler, wayfarer)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhvaga
adhvaga - a traveler, wayfarer, going on a road
Compound: adhvan (path/road) + ga (going).
Compound type : tatpurusha (adhvan+ga)
- adhvan – road, path, journey
noun (masculine) - ga – going, mover
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
From root gam (to go) + ḍa suffix
Root: gam (class 1)
क्षीणवृत्तिः (kṣīṇavṛttiḥ) - whose livelihood is depleted (one whose livelihood is diminished/exhausted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇavṛtti
kṣīṇavṛtti - one whose means of subsistence are exhausted, with diminished livelihood
Bahuvrīhi compound: kṣīṇā vṛttiḥ yasya saḥ (he whose livelihood is diminished).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+vṛtti)
- kṣīṇa – diminished, exhausted, wasted
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root kṣi (to waste, perish) + kta suffix
Root: kṣi (class 5) - vṛtti – livelihood, existence, occupation
noun (feminine)
From root vṛt (to exist, turn) + ti suffix
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Describes the dvijaḥ adhvagaḥ.
द्वौ (dvau) - two (two (masculine/feminine dual nominative/accusative))
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with ikṣū.
इक्षू (ikṣū) - two sugarcanes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of ikṣu
ikṣu - sugarcane
Note: Object of ādādānaḥ.
द्वे (dve) - two (two (feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative))
(numeral)
Note: Agrees with mūlake.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
मूलके (mūlake) - two radishes (two radishes, two roots)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, dual of mūlaka
mūlaka - radish, a small root
From mūla (root) + ka suffix.
Note: Object of ādādānaḥ.
आदादानः (ādādānaḥ) - if he takes (taking, receiving)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ādādāna
ādādāna - taking, seizing, receiving
Present Middle Participle
From prefix ā + root dā (to take) + śānac suffix.
Prefix: ā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with dvijaḥ.
परक्षेत्रात् (parakṣetrāt) - from another's field
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of parakṣetra
parakṣetra - another's field, foreign land
Tatpurusha compound: parasya kṣetram (field of another).
Compound type : tatpurusha (para+kṣetra)
- para – other, another, supreme
adjective - kṣetra – field, land, sacred place
noun (neuter)
Note: Source from which things are taken.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Particle of negation.
Note: Negates the verb arhati.
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment (punishment, staff, fine)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - staff, stick, punishment, fine, penalty
From root daṇḍ (to punish).
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Object of dātum.
दातुम् (dātum) - to be given (punishment) (to give, to grant)
(verb)
active, infinitive of dā
Infinitive
From root dā (to give) + tumun suffix.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: The active infinitive dātum combined with na arhati effectively means 'is not fit to have punishment given to him.'
अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves (he deserves, is worthy, is able)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh
Present tense, 3rd person singular
From root arh, Parasmaipada, Present, 3rd singular.
Root: arh (class 1)