मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-239
वृतिं तत्र प्रकुर्वीत यामुष्त्रो न विलोकयेत ।
छिद्रं च वारयेत सर्वं श्वसूकरमुखानुगम ॥२३९॥
छिद्रं च वारयेत सर्वं श्वसूकरमुखानुगम ॥२३९॥
239. vṛtiṁ tatra prakurvīta yāmuṣtro na vilokayet ,
chidraṁ ca vārayet sarvaṁ śvasūkaramukhānugam.
chidraṁ ca vārayet sarvaṁ śvasūkaramukhānugam.
239.
vṛtim tatra prakurvīta yām uṣṭraḥ na vilokayeta
chidram ca vārayeta sarvam śvasūkaramukhānugam
chidram ca vārayeta sarvam śvasūkaramukhānugam
239.
One should construct a fence there that even a camel cannot look over. And one should prevent every gap through which the mouths of dogs and pigs could enter.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वृतिम् (vṛtim) - a fence (fence, hedge, enclosure)
- तत्र (tatra) - there (at the field) (there, in that case)
- प्रकुर्वीत (prakurvīta) - one should construct (a fence) (one should make, one should do)
- याम् (yām) - which (referring to the fence) (which (feminine singular accusative))
- उष्ट्रः (uṣṭraḥ) - a camel (camel)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- विलोकयेत (vilokayeta) - it (a camel) should look over (the fence) (it should see, it should look over)
- छिद्रम् (chidram) - any hole or gap (in the fence) (hole, gap, flaw)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- वारयेत (vārayeta) - one should prevent (holes) (one should prevent, one should ward off, one should check)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - every (hole) (all, every)
- श्वसूकरमुखानुगम् (śvasūkaramukhānugam) - that allows entry by the mouths of dogs and pigs (that is entered by the mouths of dogs and pigs)
Words meanings and morphology
वृतिम् (vṛtim) - a fence (fence, hedge, enclosure)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛti
vṛti - fence, hedge, enclosure, wall
From √vṛ (to cover, enclose)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Object of prakurvīta.
तत्र (tatra) - there (at the field) (there, in that case)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial derivative from pronominal base 'tad'
Note: Refers to the location where the crops are.
प्रकुर्वीत (prakurvīta) - one should construct (a fence) (one should make, one should do)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ
Optative mood, middle voice, 3rd person singular
From √kṛ (class 8, karoti) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The implied subject is the owner of the field.
याम् (yām) - which (referring to the fence) (which (feminine singular accusative))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - which, what
Relative pronoun.
Note: Object of vilokayeta.
उष्ट्रः (uṣṭraḥ) - a camel (camel)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣṭra
uṣṭra - camel
Note: Subject of vilokayeta.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
विलोकयेत (vilokayeta) - it (a camel) should look over (the fence) (it should see, it should look over)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of lok
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular (causative stem)
From √lok (class 10, lokayati) with prefix vi-. The form vilokayeta is optative of the causative stem.
Prefix: vi
Root: lok (class 10)
Note: Modifies uṣṭraḥ.
छिद्रम् (chidram) - any hole or gap (in the fence) (hole, gap, flaw)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of chidra
chidra - hole, gap, opening, defect
From √chid (to cut, pierce).
Root: chid (class 7)
Note: Object of vārayeta.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction particle.
Note: Connects the two clauses.
वारयेत (vārayeta) - one should prevent (holes) (one should prevent, one should ward off, one should check)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛ
Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular (causative stem)
From √vṛ (class 10, vārayati). Optative form.
Root: vṛ (class 10)
Note: Implied subject is the owner.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - every (hole) (all, every)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Modifies chidram.
श्वसूकरमुखानुगम् (śvasūkaramukhānugam) - that allows entry by the mouths of dogs and pigs (that is entered by the mouths of dogs and pigs)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śvasūkaramukhānuga
śvasūkaramukhānuga - accessible by the mouths of dogs and pigs, following after the mouths of dogs and pigs
Compound noun, then anuga (derived from √anugam, to follow).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śva+sūkara+mukha+anuga)
- śva – dog
noun (masculine) - sūkara – pig, boar
noun (masculine) - mukha – mouth, face, entrance
noun (neuter) - anuga – following, accompanying, entering
adjective
Derived from √gam (to go) with prefix anu-
Prefix: anu
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Agrees with chidram.