मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-350
गुरुं वा बालवृद्धौ वा ब्राह्मणं वा बहुश्रुतम ।
आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयन ॥३५०॥
आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयन ॥३५०॥
350. guruṁ vā bālavṛddhau vā brāhmaṇaṁ vā bahuśrutam ,
ātatāyinamāyāntaṁ hanyādevāvicārayan.
ātatāyinamāyāntaṁ hanyādevāvicārayan.
350.
gurum vā bālavṛddhau vā brāhmaṇam vā bahuśrutam
ātatāyinam āyāntam hanyāt eva avicārayan
ātatāyinam āyāntam hanyāt eva avicārayan
350.
āyāntam ātatāyinam gurum vā bālavṛddhau vā
brāhmaṇam vā bahuśrutam vā avicārayan eva hanyāt
brāhmaṇam vā bahuśrutam vā avicārayan eva hanyāt
350.
One should indeed kill an approaching aggressor without hesitation, even if that person is a teacher, a child, an old man, a Brahmin, or a highly learned individual.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, spiritual preceptor, venerable person
- वा (vā) - or, either...or
- बालवृद्धौ (bālavṛddhau) - a child or an old person (dual accusative)
- वा (vā) - or, either...or
- ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin
- वा (vā) - or, either...or
- बहुश्रुतम् (bahuśrutam) - very learned, highly educated
- आततायिनम् (ātatāyinam) - the aggressor who is approaching (an aggressor, an assailant)
- आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming
- हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, one may kill
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly
- अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without considering, without deliberating
Words meanings and morphology
गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, spiritual preceptor, venerable person
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, venerable, important
वा (vā) - or, either...or
(indeclinable)
बालवृद्धौ (bālavṛddhau) - a child or an old person (dual accusative)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of bālavṛddha
bālavṛddha - a child and an old person, a child or an old person
Compound type : dvandva (bāla+vṛddha)
- bāla – child, young
noun (masculine) - vṛddha – old, aged, grown
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root vṛdh (to grow)
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
Note: A dvandva compound referring to a child AND an old person, declined in dual accusative.
वा (vā) - or, either...or
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to Brahma
वा (vā) - or, either...or
(indeclinable)
बहुश्रुतम् (bahuśrutam) - very learned, highly educated
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bahuśruta
bahuśruta - much heard, very learned, highly educated
Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+śruta)
- bahu – much, many
adjective (masculine) - śruta – heard, learned
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root śru (to hear)
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Agrees with ātatāyinam.
आततायिनम् (ātatāyinam) - the aggressor who is approaching (an aggressor, an assailant)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ātatāyin
ātatāyin - an aggressor, an assailant, a murderer, one who sets fire
derived from ā + tan (to stretch, extend)
Prefix: ā
Root: tan (class 8)
आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, singular of āyāt
āyāt - approaching, coming
Present Active Participle
derived from root yā (to go) with upasarga ā
Prefix: ā
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Agrees with ātatāyinam.
हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, one may kill
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han
Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular
Root: han (class 2)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly
(indeclinable)
अविचारयन् (avicārayan) - without considering, without deliberating
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avicārayat
avicārayat - not considering, without deliberation
Present Active Participle (negative)
derived from vi + car (to move, to consider) with upasarga vi and negative prefix a, in causative form
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicārayat)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - vicārayat – considering, deliberating
participle (masculine)
Present Active Participle
causative of vi-car
Prefix: vi
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implicit subject of 'hanyāt' (one who kills).