मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-235
अजाविके तु संरुद्धे वृकैः पाले त्वनायति ।
यां प्रसह्य वृको हन्यात पाले तत किल्बिषं भवेत ॥२३५॥
यां प्रसह्य वृको हन्यात पाले तत किल्बिषं भवेत ॥२३५॥
235. ajāvike tu saṁruddhe vṛkaiḥ pāle tvanāyati ,
yāṁ prasahya vṛko hanyāt pāle tat kilbiṣaṁ bhavet.
yāṁ prasahya vṛko hanyāt pāle tat kilbiṣaṁ bhavet.
235.
ajāvike tu saṃruddhe vṛkaiḥ pāle tu anāyati yām
prasahya vṛkaḥ hanyāt pāle tat kilbiṣam bhavet
prasahya vṛkaḥ hanyāt pāle tat kilbiṣam bhavet
235.
tu ajāvike saṃruddhe vṛkaiḥ pāle tu anāyati,
yām vṛkaḥ prasahya hanyāt,
tat kilbiṣam pāle bhavet
yām vṛkaḥ prasahya hanyāt,
tat kilbiṣam pāle bhavet
235.
However, if goats and sheep are confined, and the shepherd is absent while wolves are present; if a wolf forcibly kills one of them, then that guilt (kilbiṣa) falls upon the shepherd.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अजाविके (ajāvike) - goats and sheep
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- संरुद्धे (saṁruddhe) - being confined (goats and sheep) (confined, enclosed, restrained)
- वृकैः (vṛkaiḥ) - by wolves
- पाले (pāle) - on the shepherd, when the shepherd
- तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
- अनायति (anāyati) - being absent (the shepherd) (not coming, absent, at a distance)
- याम् (yām) - whichever one (of the goats/sheep) (which (feminine singular))
- प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, violently, having overcome
- वृकः (vṛkaḥ) - wolf
- हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, may kill
- पाले (pāle) - on the shepherd, to the shepherd
- तत् (tat) - that (guilt) (that, this)
- किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - guilt, sin, offense
- भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, occurs
Words meanings and morphology
अजाविके (ajāvike) - goats and sheep
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, dual of ajāvikā
ajāvikā - goats and sheep (collective noun)
Compound type : dvandva (ajā+avikā)
- ajā – she-goat
noun (feminine) - avikā – ewe, sheep
noun (feminine)
Note: Can also be locative dual, but nominative dual fits the context of the subject.
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
संरुद्धे (saṁruddhe) - being confined (goats and sheep) (confined, enclosed, restrained)
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, dual of saṃruddha
saṁruddha - confined, enclosed, obstructed, restrained
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of √rudh with prefix sam
Prefix: sam
Root: rudh (class 7)
Note: Matches 'ajāvike' in case, number, and gender.
वृकैः (vṛkaiḥ) - by wolves
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛka
vṛka - wolf
पाले (pāle) - on the shepherd, when the shepherd
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - shepherd, protector, guardian
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: Used in an absolute locative construction, meaning 'when the shepherd is...'
तु (tu) - but, however, indeed
(indeclinable)
अनायति (anāyati) - being absent (the shepherd) (not coming, absent, at a distance)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of anāyat
anāyat - not coming, absent, not reaching
Present Active Participle
Present active participle of √yam with prefixes a- and ā- (negative)
Prefixes: a+ā
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Matches 'pāle' in case, number, and gender. Forms an absolute locative construction.
याम् (yām) - whichever one (of the goats/sheep) (which (feminine singular))
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to one of the 'ajāvike'.
प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, violently, having overcome
(indeclinable)
absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) of √sah with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: sah (class 1)
वृकः (vṛkaḥ) - wolf
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛka
vṛka - wolf
हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, may kill
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of han
optative
3rd person singular optative active of √han
Root: han (class 2)
पाले (pāle) - on the shepherd, to the shepherd
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - shepherd, protector, guardian
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: Indicates where the 'kilbiṣa' (guilt) falls.
तत् (tat) - that (guilt) (that, this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, he, she, it
किल्बिषम् (kilbiṣam) - guilt, sin, offense
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa
kilbiṣa - guilt, sin, offense, fault
भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, occurs
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū
optative
3rd person singular optative active of √bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)