मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-410
वाणिज्यं कारयेद वैश्यं कुसीदं कृषिमेव च ।
पशूनां रक्षणं चैव दास्यं शूद्रं द्विजन्मनाम ॥४१०॥
पशूनां रक्षणं चैव दास्यं शूद्रं द्विजन्मनाम ॥४१०॥
410. vāṇijyaṁ kārayed vaiśyaṁ kusīdaṁ kṛṣimeva ca ,
paśūnāṁ rakṣaṇaṁ caiva dāsyaṁ śūdraṁ dvijanmanām.
paśūnāṁ rakṣaṇaṁ caiva dāsyaṁ śūdraṁ dvijanmanām.
410.
vāṇijyam kārayet vaiśyam kusīdam kṛṣim eva ca
paśūnām rakṣaṇam ca eva dāsyam śūdram dvijanmanām
paśūnām rakṣaṇam ca eva dāsyam śūdram dvijanmanām
410.
vaiśyam vāṇijyam kusīdam kṛṣim eva ca paśūnām
rakṣaṇam ca eva kārayet śūdram dvijanmanām dāsyam
rakṣaṇam ca eva kārayet śūdram dvijanmanām dāsyam
410.
One should engage a vaiśya in trade, usury, and agriculture, as well as the protection of cattle. A śūdra should be engaged in service for the twice-born.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade, commerce
- कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
- वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
- कुसीदम् (kusīdam) - usury, lending money at interest
- कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming
- एव (eva) - and also (only, indeed, just, even)
- च (ca) - and
- पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals, of cattle
- रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - tending to cattle (protection, guarding, tending)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - and also (only, indeed, just, even)
- दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service
- शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a śūdra (member of the laboring class)
- द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas)
Words meanings and morphology
वाणिज्यम् (vāṇijyam) - trade, commerce
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vāṇijya
vāṇijya - trade, commerce, traffic, merchandise
From vaṇij (merchant) + ya suffix.
Note: Object of the verb kārayet
कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to do, should make perform, should employ
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
causative optative
Causative stem kāray + optative ending.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a man of the third class (merchant, farmer, cattle-breeder)
Derivation from viś (people, settlement)
Note: Object of the causative verb kārayet
कुसीदम् (kusīdam) - usury, lending money at interest
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kusīda
kusīda - usury, money lent at interest
कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture, farming
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi
kṛṣi - agriculture, cultivation, farming
From root kṛṣ (to plough, cultivate)
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
एव (eva) - and also (only, indeed, just, even)
(indeclinable)
particle
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
conjunction
पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals, of cattle
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, cattle, beast
रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - tending to cattle (protection, guarding, tending)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa
rakṣaṇa - protecting, guarding, preservation, tending
action noun
From root rakṣ (to protect) + ana suffix.
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
conjunction
एव (eva) - and also (only, indeed, just, even)
(indeclinable)
particle
दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, service
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dāsya
dāsya - servitude, slavery, service
From dāsa (servant) + ya suffix.
शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a śūdra (member of the laboring class)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a man of the fourth class (laboring class)
Note: Object of the causative verb kārayet (implied from the first part of the sentence)
द्विजन्मनाम् (dvijanmanām) - of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijanman
dvijanman - twice-born (epithet for brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya), a bird, a tooth
Compound of dvi (twice) and janman (birth)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+janman)
- dvi – two, twice
indeclinable - janman – birth, origin, existence
noun (neuter)
From root jan (to be born) + man suffix.
Root: jan (class 4)