मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-233
विघुष्य तु हृतं चौरैर्न पालो दातुमर्हति ।
यदि देशे च काले च स्वामिनः स्वस्य शंसति ॥२३३॥
यदि देशे च काले च स्वामिनः स्वस्य शंसति ॥२३३॥
233. vighuṣya tu hṛtaṁ caurairna pālo dātumarhati ,
yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṁsati.
yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṁsati.
233.
vighuṣya tu hṛtam cauraiḥ na pālaḥ dātum arhati
yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṃsati
yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṃsati
233.
tu pālaḥ dātum na arhati (yam paśum) cauraiḥ hṛtam (tam)
vighuṣya yadi svasya svāminaḥ deśe ca kāle ca śaṃsati
vighuṣya yadi svasya svāminaḥ deśe ca kāle ca śaṃsati
233.
However, if an animal is stolen by thieves and the herdsman has promptly announced (the theft), he is not obliged to compensate, provided he reports it to his owner at the appropriate place and time.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विघुष्य (vighuṣya) - having promptly announced (the theft) (having proclaimed, having announced, having caused to sound)
- तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- हृतम् (hṛtam) - stolen (animal) (stolen, carried away, taken)
- चौरैः (cauraiḥ) - by thieves (by thieves, by robbers)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- पालः (pālaḥ) - the herdsman (the protector, the herdsman)
- दातुम् (dātum) - to compensate (to give, to grant, to offer)
- अर्हति (arhati) - is obliged, is liable (is able, is worthy, ought, deserves)
- यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)
- देशे (deśe) - at the proper place (in the place, in the country, in the region)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- काले (kāle) - at the proper time (at the time, in time)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- स्वामिनः (svāminaḥ) - to his owner (of the owner, to the owner)
- स्वस्य (svasya) - of his own (of his own, of oneself)
- शंसति (śaṁsati) - reports (reports, announces, praises)
Words meanings and morphology
विघुष्य (vighuṣya) - having promptly announced (the theft) (having proclaimed, having announced, having caused to sound)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Absolutive of root 'ghuṣ' with upasarga 'vi'
Prefix: vi
Root: ghuṣ (class 1)
Note: The subject of the absolutive is 'pālaḥ'.
तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
हृतम् (hṛtam) - stolen (animal) (stolen, carried away, taken)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛta
hṛta - stolen, carried away, taken, captured
Past Passive Participle
PPP of root 'hṛ' (to seize, steal, carry)
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Refers to an animal implied.
चौरैः (cauraiḥ) - by thieves (by thieves, by robbers)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of caura
caura - thief, robber
From root 'cur' (to steal)
Root: cur (class 10)
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negation particle.
पालः (pālaḥ) - the herdsman (the protector, the herdsman)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pāla
pāla - protector, guardian, herdsman, keeper
From root 'pā' (to protect)
Root: pā (class 2)
दातुम् (dātum) - to compensate (to give, to grant, to offer)
(verb)
active
Infinitive
Infinitive form of root 'dā'
Root: dā (class 3)
अर्हति (arhati) - is obliged, is liable (is able, is worthy, ought, deserves)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh
Root: arh (class 1)
Note: Used with infinitive 'dātum' to mean 'is able to give' or 'is obliged to give'.
यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)
(indeclinable)
देशे (deśe) - at the proper place (in the place, in the country, in the region)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of deśa
deśa - place, country, region, spot
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
काले (kāle) - at the proper time (at the time, in time)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, season, period
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
स्वामिनः (svāminaḥ) - to his owner (of the owner, to the owner)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of svāmin
svāmin - owner, master, lord, proprietor
From 'sva' (one's own) + 'in' (possessive suffix)
Note: Used in genitive to indicate the recipient of the report.
स्वस्य (svasya) - of his own (of his own, of oneself)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of sva
sva - one's own, self
Note: Qualifies 'svāminaḥ'.
शंसति (śaṁsati) - reports (reports, announces, praises)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs
Root: śaṃs (class 1)