मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-374
शूद्रो गुप्तमगुप्तं वा द्वैजातं वर्णमावसन ।
अगुप्तमङ्गसर्वस्वैर्गुप्तं सर्वेण हीयते ॥३७४॥
अगुप्तमङ्गसर्वस्वैर्गुप्तं सर्वेण हीयते ॥३७४॥
374. śūdro guptamaguptaṁ vā dvaijātaṁ varṇamāvasan ,
aguptamaṅgasarvasvairguptaṁ sarveṇa hīyate.
aguptamaṅgasarvasvairguptaṁ sarveṇa hīyate.
374.
śūdraḥ guptam aguptam vā dvaijātam varṇam āvasan
| aguptam aṅgasarvasvaiḥ guptam sarveṇa hīyate
| aguptam aṅgasarvasvaiḥ guptam sarveṇa hīyate
374.
śūdraḥ dvaijātam varṇam guptam vā aguptam āvasan
aguptam aṅgasarvasvaiḥ hīyate guptam sarveṇa hīyate
aguptam aṅgasarvasvaiḥ hīyate guptam sarveṇa hīyate
374.
If a śūdra (śūdra) cohabits with a woman of a dvija class, whether she is under protection or unprotected: if she is unprotected, he shall be deprived of his limbs and life; if she is protected, he shall lose his entire property and life.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the fourth social class, a laborer
- गुप्तम् (guptam) - under protection (referring to a woman) (protected, guarded, hidden)
- अगुप्तम् (aguptam) - not under protection (referring to a woman) (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
- वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)
- द्वैजातम् (dvaijātam) - a woman of the dvija class (born of twice-born parents, referring to a twice-born (dvija) person (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
- वर्णम् (varṇam) - a woman of a particular social class (varna) (color, class, social order, letter, form)
- आवसन् (āvasan) - cohabiting (with a woman) (cohabiting, dwelling in, occupying)
- अगुप्तम् (aguptam) - if (the woman is) unprotected (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
- अङ्गसर्वस्वैः (aṅgasarvasvaiḥ) - with the loss of all one's limbs or life (with all one's limbs, with everything pertaining to the body)
- गुप्तम् (guptam) - if (the woman is) protected (protected, guarded, hidden)
- सर्वेण (sarveṇa) - with loss of everything (property and life) (by all, with everything, entirely)
- हीयते (hīyate) - is deprived (of life/limbs/property) (is deprived, loses, becomes deficient)
Words meanings and morphology
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the fourth social class, a laborer
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class, a laborer
गुप्तम् (guptam) - under protection (referring to a woman) (protected, guarded, hidden)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of gupta
gupta - protected, guarded, hidden
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup' (to protect, hide)
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Refers to the 'varṇam' as a woman.
अगुप्तम् (aguptam) - not under protection (referring to a woman) (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of agupta
agupta - unprotected, unguarded, not hidden
Negative prefix 'a-' + 'gupta'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+gupta)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - gupta – protected, guarded
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup'
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Refers to the 'varṇam' as a woman.
वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)
(indeclinable)
द्वैजातम् (dvaijātam) - a woman of the dvija class (born of twice-born parents, referring to a twice-born (dvija) person (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dvaijāta
dvaijāta - born of twice-born parents, referring to a twice-born (dvija) person
Derived from dvija, 'twice-born'
Note: Refers to the 'varṇam' as a woman.
वर्णम् (varṇam) - a woman of a particular social class (varna) (color, class, social order, letter, form)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of varṇa
varṇa - color, class, social order, letter, form
Note: Grammatically neuter, but contextually refers to a woman.
आवसन् (āvasan) - cohabiting (with a woman) (cohabiting, dwelling in, occupying)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āvasat
āvasat - dwelling in, residing, cohabiting
Present Active Participle
Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefix 'ā-'
Prefix: ā
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Participial form, acting as a verb here.
अगुप्तम् (aguptam) - if (the woman is) unprotected (unprotected, unguarded, not hidden)
(adjective)
neuter, singular of agupta
agupta - unprotected, unguarded, not hidden
Negative prefix 'a-' + 'gupta'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+gupta)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - gupta – protected, guarded
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup'
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Acts as a condition here, 'if unprotected'.
अङ्गसर्वस्वैः (aṅgasarvasvaiḥ) - with the loss of all one's limbs or life (with all one's limbs, with everything pertaining to the body)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of aṅgasarvasva
aṅgasarvasva - all one's limbs, everything pertaining to the body
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (aṅga+sarvasva)
- aṅga – limb, body part
noun (neuter) - sarvasva – all one's property, entire wealth, everything belonging to oneself
noun (neuter)
Note: Implies deprivation of these.
गुप्तम् (guptam) - if (the woman is) protected (protected, guarded, hidden)
(adjective)
neuter, singular of gupta
gupta - protected, guarded, hidden
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'gup'
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Acts as a condition here, 'if protected'.
सर्वेण (sarveṇa) - with loss of everything (property and life) (by all, with everything, entirely)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
Note: Implies deprivation of everything.
हीयते (hīyate) - is deprived (of life/limbs/property) (is deprived, loses, becomes deficient)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hī
Present Passive Indicative
From root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake), 3rd class, passive voice
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: The subject is 'śūdraḥ' (implied by context).