मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-276
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाभ्यां तु दण्डः कार्यो विजानता ।
ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः क्षत्रिये त्वेव मध्यमः ॥२७६॥
ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः क्षत्रिये त्वेव मध्यमः ॥२७६॥
276. brāhmaṇakṣatriyābhyāṁ tu daṇḍaḥ kāryo vijānatā ,
brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tveva madhyamaḥ.
brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tveva madhyamaḥ.
276.
brāhmaṇakṣatriyābhyām tu daṇḍaḥ kāryaḥ vijānatā |
brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tu eva madhyamaḥ
brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tu eva madhyamaḥ
276.
tu vijānatā brāhmaṇakṣatriyābhyām
daṇḍaḥ kāryaḥ brāhmaṇe pūrvaḥ
sāhasaḥ (fine should be) tu eva
kṣatriye madhyamaḥ (fine should be)
daṇḍaḥ kāryaḥ brāhmaṇe pūrvaḥ
sāhasaḥ (fine should be) tu eva
kṣatriye madhyamaḥ (fine should be)
276.
However, a discerning person should apply the fine (daṇḍa) to a brahmin and a kṣatriya: for a brahmin, it should be the lowest (pūrva-sāhasa) fine, and for a kṣatriya, indeed, the middle (madhyama-sāhasa) fine.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाभ्याम् (brāhmaṇakṣatriyābhyām) - for a brahmin and a kṣatriya (indicating the recipients of the fine) (for/by/with a brahmin and kṣatriya)
- तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - fine (daṇḍa) (punishment, fine)
- कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be applied/imposed (to be done, to be made)
- विजानता (vijānatā) - by a discerning person (the judge/king) (by one who knows, by a discerning person)
- ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - for a brahmin (in/on a brahmin, for a brahmin)
- साहसः (sāhasaḥ) - fine for violence (specifically, the 'sāhasa' category of fine) (violence, crime, fine for violence)
- पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - lowest (grade of fine) (first, prior, lowest)
- क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a kṣatriya (in/on a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)
- एव (eva) - indeed, only (indeed, only, just)
- मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - middle (grade of fine) (middle, intermediate)
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियाभ्याम् (brāhmaṇakṣatriyābhyām) - for a brahmin and a kṣatriya (indicating the recipients of the fine) (for/by/with a brahmin and kṣatriya)
(noun)
Dative, masculine, dual of brāhmaṇakṣatriya
brāhmaṇakṣatriya - a brahmin and a kṣatriya
Dvandva compound of brāhmaṇa and kṣatriya.
Compound type : dvandva (brāhmaṇa+kṣatriya)
- brāhmaṇa – a member of the priestly class
noun (masculine) - kṣatriya – a member of the warrior/ruling class
noun (masculine)
Note: The fine is imposed for or on these two categories of people.
तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)
(indeclinable)
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - fine (daṇḍa) (punishment, fine)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, fine, penalty
Note: Subject of 'should be done'.
कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be applied/imposed (to be done, to be made)
(verbal derivative)
Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍaḥ'.
विजानता (vijānatā) - by a discerning person (the judge/king) (by one who knows, by a discerning person)
(verbal derivative)
Note: Agent of the action 'kāryaḥ'.
ब्राह्मणे (brāhmaṇe) - for a brahmin (in/on a brahmin, for a brahmin)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a member of the priestly class
Note: Indicates the class for whom the specific fine applies.
साहसः (sāhasaḥ) - fine for violence (specifically, the 'sāhasa' category of fine) (violence, crime, fine for violence)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sāhasa
sāhasa - violence, temerity, crime, fine for violence
Derived from sahas (force, power).
Note: This word, in legal contexts, often refers to a specific category of fine.
पूर्वः (pūrvaḥ) - lowest (grade of fine) (first, prior, lowest)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - first, prior, eastern, earlier, former, lowest (of fines)
Note: Qualifies 'sāhasaḥ', referring to the 'pūrva-sāhasa' fine.
क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a kṣatriya (in/on a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior/ruling class
Note: Indicates the class for whom the specific fine applies.
तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, only (indeed, only, just)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the direct assignment of the middle fine to the kṣatriya.
मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - middle (grade of fine) (middle, intermediate)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama
madhyama - middle, intermediate, central, ordinary, mediocre
Note: Qualifies an implied 'sāhasaḥ', referring to the 'madhyama-sāhasa' fine.