मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-269
समवर्णे द्विजातीनां द्वादशैव व्यतिक्रमे ।
वादेष्ववचनीयेषु तदेव द्विगुणं भवेत ॥२६९॥
वादेष्ववचनीयेषु तदेव द्विगुणं भवेत ॥२६९॥
269. samavarṇe dvijātīnāṁ dvādaśaiva vyatikrame ,
vādeṣvavacanīyeṣu tadeva dviguṇaṁ bhavet.
vādeṣvavacanīyeṣu tadeva dviguṇaṁ bhavet.
269.
samavarṇe dvijātīnām dvādaśa eva vyatikrame
vādeṣu avacanīyeṣu tat eva dviguṇam bhavet
vādeṣu avacanīyeṣu tat eva dviguṇam bhavet
269.
samavarṇe dvijātīnām vyatikrame dvādaśa eva (damaḥ)
(syāt) avacanīyeṣu vādeṣu tat eva dviguṇam bhavet
(syāt) avacanīyeṣu vādeṣu tat eva dviguṇam bhavet
269.
Among members of the twice-born (dvijāti) classes of equal status, the fine for transgression is exactly twelve (coins). For prohibited or abusive speech, that fine should be doubled.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- समवर्णे (samavarṇe) - of equal status (among twice-born classes) (of the same class/caste)
- द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the twice-born (classes)
- द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve (coins) (twelve)
- एव (eva) - exactly, only, indeed
- व्यतिक्रमे (vyatikrame) - in case of transgression, violation
- वादेषु (vādeṣu) - in speeches, in words, in disputes
- अवचनीयेषु (avacanīyeṣu) - for prohibited or abusive speech (in unutterable, forbidden, abusive speeches)
- तत् (tat) - that very fine (referring to the previous amount of twelve) (that, that very (fine))
- एव (eva) - exactly, only, indeed
- द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - double, twofold
- भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it would be
Words meanings and morphology
समवर्णे (samavarṇe) - of equal status (among twice-born classes) (of the same class/caste)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of samavarṇa
samavarṇa - of the same class, of the same caste, of equal status
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sama+varṇa)
- sama – same, equal
adjective - varṇa – class, caste, color
noun (masculine)
Note: agreeing with dvijātīnām implicitly
द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the twice-born (classes)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born, referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two
numeral - jāti – birth, class, caste, species
noun (feminine)
द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve (coins) (twelve)
(numeral)
Note: (implied 'coins')
एव (eva) - exactly, only, indeed
(indeclinable)
व्यतिक्रमे (vyatikrame) - in case of transgression, violation
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama
vyatikrama - transgression, violation, offence
Derived from root kram 'to step' with upasargas vi, ati
Prefixes: vi+ati
Root: kram (class 1)
Note: denotes the occasion/condition
वादेषु (vādeṣu) - in speeches, in words, in disputes
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of vāda
vāda - speech, word, statement, dispute
Derived from root vad 'to speak'
Root: vad (class 1)
अवचनीयेषु (avacanīyeṣu) - for prohibited or abusive speech (in unutterable, forbidden, abusive speeches)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of avacanīya
avacanīya - unutterable, not to be spoken, forbidden, abusive
Gerundive
Negative gerundive of root vac 'to speak', with 'a' prefix
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vacanīya)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - vacanīya – to be spoken, utterable
adjective
Gerundive
Gerundive of root vac 'to speak'
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: agreeing with vādeṣu
तत् (tat) - that very fine (referring to the previous amount of twelve) (that, that very (fine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: neuter nominative singular, referring to the fine.
एव (eva) - exactly, only, indeed
(indeclinable)
द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - double, twofold
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa
dviguṇa - double, twofold
Compound type : bahuvrihi/dvigu (dvi+guṇa)
- dvi – two
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, multiple
noun (masculine)
भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it would be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū
Optative Mood
Optative mood, third person singular, active voice, parasmaipada of root bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)