मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-8, verse-385
अगुप्ते क्षत्रियावैश्ये शूद्रां वा ब्राह्मणो व्रजन ।
शतानि पञ्च दण्ड्यः स्यात सहस्रं त्वन्त्यजस्त्रियम ॥३८५॥
शतानि पञ्च दण्ड्यः स्यात सहस्रं त्वन्त्यजस्त्रियम ॥३८५॥
385. agupte kṣatriyāvaiśye śūdrāṁ vā brāhmaṇo vrajan ,
śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt sahasraṁ tvantyajastriyam.
śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt sahasraṁ tvantyajastriyam.
385.
agupte kṣatriyā-vaiśye śūdrām vā brāhmaṇaḥ vrajan |
śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt sahasram tu antyaja-striyam
śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt sahasram tu antyaja-striyam
385.
brāhmaṇaḥ agupte kṣatriyā-vaiśye vā śūdrām vrajan
pañca śatāni daṇḍyaḥ syāt tu antyaja-striyam sahasram
pañca śatāni daṇḍyaḥ syāt tu antyaja-striyam sahasram
385.
If a brāhmaṇa man approaches an unprotected kṣatriya or vaiśya woman, or a śūdra woman, he should be liable to a fine of five hundred (panas). However, if he approaches a woman of the lowest class (antyaja), the fine should be a thousand (panas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अगुप्ते (agupte) - unprotected, unguarded (feminine dual)
- क्षत्रिया-वैश्ये (kṣatriyā-vaiśye) - a kṣatriya woman and a vaiśya woman (dual)
- शूद्राम् (śūdrām) - a śūdra woman
- वा (vā) - or, alternatively
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa, a man of the priestly class
- व्रजन् (vrajan) - approaching (for sexual relations) (going, approaching)
- शतानि (śatāni) - (five) hundreds (hundreds)
- पञ्च (pañca) - five
- दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - liable to punishment, punishable
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
- सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (coins or units of currency) (a thousand, a multitude)
- तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- अन्त्यज-स्त्रियम् (antyaja-striyam) - a woman of the lowest class
Words meanings and morphology
अगुप्ते (agupte) - unprotected, unguarded (feminine dual)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, dual of aguptā
aguptā - unprotected, unguarded
Negative prefix 'a-' + Past Passive Participle of √gup
Compound type : karmadhāraya (a+guptā)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - guptā – protected, guarded
adjective (feminine)
Past Passive Participle
derived from root √gup (to protect, to conceal)
Root: gup (class 1)
Note: Describes the kṣatriyā and vaiśyā women.
क्षत्रिया-वैश्ये (kṣatriyā-vaiśye) - a kṣatriya woman and a vaiśya woman (dual)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, dual of kṣatriyā-vaiśyā
kṣatriyā-vaiśyā - a kṣatriya woman and a vaiśya woman
Compound type : dvandva (kṣatriyā+vaiśyā)
- kṣatriyā – a kṣatriya woman
noun (feminine) - vaiśyā – a vaiśya woman
noun (feminine)
Note: Objects of 'vrajan'.
शूद्राम् (śūdrām) - a śūdra woman
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śūdrā
śūdrā - a woman of the śūdra class
Note: Object of 'vrajan'.
वा (vā) - or, alternatively
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa, a man of the priestly class
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a man of the brāhmaṇa (priestly/learned) class
व्रजन् (vrajan) - approaching (for sexual relations) (going, approaching)
(verbal participle)
Note: Describes the action of the brāhmaṇa.
शतानि (śatāni) - (five) hundreds (hundreds)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of śata
śata - hundred, a hundred
Note: Part of the numerical expression.
पञ्च (pañca) - five
(numeral)
Note: Modifies 'śatāni'.
दण्ड्यः (daṇḍyaḥ) - liable to punishment, punishable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, liable to punishment, to be punished
Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
Derived from √daṇḍ (to punish).
Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
Note: Predicate adjective.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada
3rd person singular Optative active of √as (class 2).
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Used with 'daṇḍyaḥ'.
सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (coins or units of currency) (a thousand, a multitude)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra
sahasra - a thousand, a multitude
Note: Refers to the amount of the fine.
तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a contrasting scenario.
अन्त्यज-स्त्रियम् (antyaja-striyam) - a woman of the lowest class
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of antyaja-strī
antyaja-strī - a woman born of the lowest class, a woman of outcaste class
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antyaja+strī)
- antyaja – born at the end, lowest caste, outcaste
adjective/noun (masculine) - strī – woman, female
noun (feminine)
Note: Object of implied 'vrajan'.